|
| S. no | Study (author, year of publication, and study location) | Setting | Definition used (Δ1—first trimester, Δ2—second trimester, Δ3—third trimester) | Hypothyroidism before pregnancy | Participant characteristics (Δ1—first trimester, Δ2—second trimester, Δ3—third trimester) | Total participants number and outcomes |
|
| 1 | Agrawal et al. 2019; New Delhi [28] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 4.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (>8.5 pmol/L), OH: TSH > 4.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with low T4 (<8.5 pmol/L) | Included | n = 250, age: not mentioned, GA: Δ1 | TH: 15
OH: 2
SCH: 13 |
| 2 | Diyora et al. 2019; Vadodara, Gujarat [29] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 200, age: 25.56 ± 3.32 years, GA: Δ1 | TH: 30
OH: 9
SCH: 21 |
| 3 | Goel et al. 2018; Chandigarh [30] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 2.5–10 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3, OH: TSH > 10 mIU/L | Included | n = 545, age: 26.21 ± 3.78 years, GA: Δ1 Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 201
OH: 23
SCH:178 |
| 4 | Gupta et al. 2018; Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh [31] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 1072, age: not mentioned, GA: Δ1 Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 186
OH: 44
SCH:142 |
| 5 | Hymavathi et al. 2018; Nellore, Andhra Pradesh [32] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L in Δ1, TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ2 and TSH > 3.5 mIU/L in Δ3 with normal T4 (cutoffs not mentioned); OH: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L in Δ1, TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ2 and TSH > 3.5 mIU/L in Δ3 with low T4 (cutoffs not mentioned) | Included | n = 1000, age: 24 years, GA: Δ1 Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 103
OH: 34
SCH: 69 |
| 6 | Kalra et al. 2018; Karnal, Haryana [33] | Secondary data from hospital-based study? | Hypothyroidism: TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | Included | n = 499, age: not mentioned, GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 11 |
| 7 | Korde et al. 2018; Dabhade, Maharashtra [34] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 705, age: not mentioned, GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 46
OH: 23
SCH: 23 |
| 8 | Kumari et al. 2018; Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh [35] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 720; age: not mentioned; GA: <20 week, Δ1 | TH: 135
OH: 20
SCH: 115 |
| 9 | Kumari et al. 2018; Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh [36] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 4701; age: not mentioned; GA: in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 880
OH: 311
SCH:569 |
| 10 | Pahwa and Mangat 2018; Amritsar, Punjab [37] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 100; age: 23.27 ± 4.3 years; GA: Δ1 | TH: 8
OH: 2
SCH: 6 |
| 11 | Panda et al. 2018; Bhubaneswar, Odisha [38] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 2.5–10 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (cutoffs not mentioned); OH: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with low T4 (cutoffs not mentioned) or TSH > 10 mIU/L | Excluded | n = 428; age: 23.95 ± 3.8 years; GA: median 12 weeks (range 6–38), Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 207
OH: 48
SCH: 159 |
| 12 | Pandey et al. 2018; Dehradun, Uttarakhand [7] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 100; age: 26.6 ± 4.13 years; GA: Δ2 | TH: 67
OH: 32
SCH: 35 |
| 13 | Pillai and Bennet 2018; Karakonam, Kerala [39] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 1000; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 92
OH: 7
SCH: 85 |
| 14 | Rohini et al. 2018; Bengaluru, Karnataka [40] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 810; age: 27.2 years; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 78
OH:
SCH: |
| 15 | Devi and Vanaja 2017; Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh [41] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH 3–10 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (cutoffs not mentioned); OH: TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with low T4 (cutoffs not mentioned) or TSH > 10 mIU/L | Excluded | n = 1000; age: not mentioned; GA: <12 week, Δ1 | TH: 68
OH: 17
SCH: 51 |
| 16 | Dubey and Pradhan 2017; Gangtok, Sikkim [42] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 200; age: 20–35 years; GA: 6–24 weeks, Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 20
OH: 4
SCH: 16 |
| 17 | Gedam and Rajput 2017; Mumbai, Maharashtra [43] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 350; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 41
OH: 14
SCH: 27 |
| 18 | Gupta et al. 2017; Patiala, Punjab [44] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 3–6 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3; OH (clinical hypothyroidism): TSH > 6 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | Included | n = 2122; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 132
OH: 52
SCH: 80 |
| 19 | Sapna and Mehazeena 2017; Mumbai, Maharashtra [45] | Secondary data | Hypothyroidism: TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | Included | n = 12300; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 150
OH:
SCH: |
| 20 | Indira et al. 2017; Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh [46] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 333; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 46
OH: 1
SCH: 45 |
| 21 | Pokhanna et al. 2017; Indore, Madhya Pradesh [47] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 300; age: not mentioned; GA: 13–26 weeks, Δ2 | TH: 39
OH: 9
SCH: 30 |
| 22 | Sannaboraiah et al. 2017; not provided, Karnataka [48] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L in Δ1 and > 3 mIU/L in Δ2 and > 3.5 mIU/L in Δ3 with normal T3, T4 (cutoffs not mentioned) | Excluded | n = 200; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 19
SCH: 19 |
| 23 | Thenmozhi 2017; Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu [49] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 1000; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 31
OH: 6
SCH: 25 |
| 24 | Wagh et al. 2017; Nagpur, Maharashtra [50] | Secondary data | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 400; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 136
OH: 16
SCH: 120 |
| 25 | Anitha and Rao 2016; Hyderabad, Telangana [51] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 1062; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 215
OH: 66
SCH: 149 |
| 26 | Chunchaiah et al. 2016; Banguluru, Karnataka [52] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 800; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 81
OH: 22
SCH: 59 |
| 27 | Dhanwal et al. 2016; Allahabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Nasik, Rohtak, Pune, New Delhi, Srinagar, and Vizag,Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Haryana, Maharashtra, Delhi, Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh [53] | Hospital-based | Hypothyroidism: TSH > 4.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | Included | n = 2599; age: 25.5 ± 5.6 years; GA: 19.3 ± 15.9 weeks, Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 816
OH:
SCH: |
| 28 | Hassan et al. 2016; J & K, Srinagar [54] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 342; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 117
OH: 3
SCH: 114 |
| 29 | Mandal et al. 2016 ; Kolkata, West Bengal [55] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 510; age: 18.7 ± 3.52 years; GA: 7.6 ± 1.12 weeks, Δ1 | TH: 168
OH:
SCH:168 |
| 30 | Faheema Farvin 2016 ; Chennai, Tamil Nadu [56] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (11.84 ± 3.86 pmol/L); OH: TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with low T4 (<11.84 pmol/L) or TSH > 10 mIU/L | Excluded | n = 217; age: 27.5 ± 2.12 years; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 26
OH:
SCH: 26 |
| 31 | Prasad et al. 2016; Trivandrum, Kerala [57] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 500; age: 25.4 ± 3.7 years; GA: Δ1 | TH: 28
OH: 8
SCH: 20 |
| 32 | Rao and Patibandla 2016; Hyderabad, Telangana [58] | Secondary data | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 1062; age: 22.1 years; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 215
OH: 66
SCH: 149 |
| 33 | Saraladevi et al. 2016; Warangal, Maharashtra [59] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 1000; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1 | TH: 92
OH: 28
SCH: 64 |
| 34 | Singla et al. 2016; Ludhiana, Punjab [60] | Secondary data | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 5400; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 189
OH:
SCH: |
| 35 | Stella and Minnalkodi 2016; Chennai, Tamil Nadu [61] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 1000; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1 | TH: 31
OH: 6
SCH: 25 |
| 36 | Tiwari et al. 2016; New Delhi, Delhi [62] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 967; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 69
OH: 21
SCH: 48 |
| 37 | Chauhan et al. 2015; Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh [63] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 250; age: majority 20–30 years; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 59
OH: 5
SCH: 54 |
| 38 | George et al. 2015; Kochi, Kerala [64] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 1575; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 100
OH:
SCH: |
| 39 | Kishore et al. 2015; Raipur, Chhattisgarh [65] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 263; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1 | TH: 25
OH: 9
SCH: 16 |
| 40 | Mohammed and Chandrashekar 2015; Bellary, Karnataka [66] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 787; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 50
OH:
SCH: |
| 41 | Neeliyara and Kumari 2015; Alleppey, Kerala [6] | Community-based | SCH: TSH > 4.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (>0.62 ng/dl); OH: TSH > 4.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with low T4 (<0.62 ng/dl) | Included | n = 166; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 2
OH: 0
SCH: 2 |
| 42 | Padmavathi and Prasanna 2015; Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh [67] | Hospital-based | Hypothyroidism: TSH more than 2.3 mIU/L/L, 3.7 mIU/L, 3.4 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, and Δ3, respectively | Excluded | n = 1000; age: not mentioned; GA: <12 week, Δ1 | TH: 66
OH:
SCH: |
| 43 | Rajput et al. 2015; Rohtak, Haryana [68] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 461; age: 23.79 ± 3.47 years; GA: 8 weeks 5 days., Δ1 | TH: 105
OH: 6
SCH: 99 |
| 44 | Singh et al. 2015; Imphal, Manipur [69] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (>7.5 mcg/dl); OH: TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with Low T4 (<7.5 mcg/dl) | Excluded | n = 400; age: 26.8 ± 8.2 years; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 90
OH: 18
SCH: 72 |
| 45 | Ajmani et al. 2014; Delhi, Delhi [70] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 3 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (0.8–2 ng/dl); OH: TSH > 3 mIU/L with low T4 (<0.8 ng/dl) | Excluded | n = 400; age: not mentioned; GA: 13–26 weeks, Δ1 | TH: 48
OH: 12
SCH: 36 |
| 46 | Das et al. 2014; Joti Gaon, Assam [71] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 499; age: 18–35 years; GA: Δ1 | TH: 218
OH:
SCH: |
| 47 | Dave et al. 2014; Indore, Madhya Pradesh [72] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 305; age: 24.46 (2) years; GA: 9.09 weeks, Δ1 | TH: 31
OH: 30
SCH: 1 |
| 48 | Jaiswal et al. 2014; Banglore, Karnataka [73] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Excluded | n = 334; age: not mentioned; GA: 10.3 ± 2.5 weeks, Δ1 | TH: 42
OH: 12
SCH: 30 |
| 49 | Nabhi and Bhashyakarla 2014; Hyderabad, Telangana [74] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 322; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ2 | TH: 89
OH: 13
SCH: 76 |
| 50 | Bandela et al. 2013; Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh [75] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH 4–10 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (cutoffs not mentioned); OH: TSH 4–10 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with low T4 (cutoffs not mentioned) or TSH > 10 mIU/L | Included | n = 139; age: median 25 years, 17–35 years; GA: only <13 week included, median 8.5 weeks, Δ1 | TH: 18
OH: 4
SCH: 14 |
| 51 | Dhanwal et al. 2013; New Delhi, Delhi [76] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 4.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T3, T4 (cutoffs not mentioned); OH: TSH > 4.5 mIU/L with low T3, T4 (cut-offs not mentioned); thyrotoxicosis: TSH > 150 mIU/L | Included | n = 1000; age: 25.6 ± 11.1 years; GA: 9.2 ± 3.4 weeks, Δ1 | TH: 142
OH: 7
SCH: 135 |
| 52 | Konin and Bhinder 2013; Gulbarga, Karnataka [77] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 4.2 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal FT4 (0.80–2.7 ng/dl) and FT3 (2–3.8 pg/mL); OH: TSH > 4.2 mIU/L with low FT4 (<0.80 ng/dl) and FT3 (<2 pg/mL) | Excluded | n = 400; age: not mentioned; GA: ≤14 weeks, Δ1 | TH: 32
OH: 0
SCH: 32 |
| 53 | Pradhan et al. 2013; Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh [78] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T3, T4 (cutoffs not mentioned); OH: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L with low T3, T4 (cut-offs not mentioned) | Included | n = 2479; age: mostly 20–40, 2 < 20 yr, 2 > 40 years; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 196
OH: 29
SCH: 167 |
| 54 | Boyapati and Magshetty 2012; Gulbarga, Karnataka [79] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T4 (0.93–1.7 ng/dl); OH: TSH > 4.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with low T4 (<0.93 ng/dl) | Excluded | n = 100; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 3
OH:
SCH: 3 |
| 55 | Goel et al. 2012 ; Chandigarh, Chandigarh [80] | Hospital-based | Hypothyroidism: TSH > 5.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | Excluded | n = 976; age: known hyothyroid: 27.6 ± 2.9, new hypothyroid: 27.5 ± 4.1, euthyroid group: 25.5 ± 3.9; GA: known hyothyroid: 19.5 ± 9.4, new hypothyroid: 20.3 ± 8.9, euthyroid group: 19.6 ± 7.8, Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 37
OH:
SCH: |
| 56 | Rana 2012; Vadodara, Gujarat [81] | Hospital-based | ATA 2011 | Included | n = 194; age: 23.3 (3.6) years and; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 54
OH: 13
SCH: 41 |
| 57 | Nambiar et al. 2011; Mumbai, Maharashtra [82] | Hospital-based | Hypothyroidism: TSH > 4 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | Excluded | n = 483; age: 25.19 ± 4.17 years; GA: 10.03 ± 1.87 weeks, Δ1 | TH: 24
OH:
SCH: |
| 58 | Sahu et al. 2010; Lucknow and New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi [83] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 5.5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T3, T4 (cutoffs not mentioned); OH: TSH > 5.5 mIU/L with low T3, T4 (cutoffs not mentioned) | Included | n = 633; age: not mentioned; GA: 13–26 weeks, Δ2 | TH: 70
OH: 29
SCH: 41 |
| 59 | Gayathri et al. 2009; Chennai, Tamil Nadu [84] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 5 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T3, T4 (cutoffs not mentioned) | Excluded | n = 495; age: 23.8 ± 3.7 years; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 14
OH:
SCH: 14 |
| 60 | Marwaha et al. 2008; Delhi, Delhi [85] | Hospital-based | SCH: TSH > 4.2 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T3 (3.7–7.2 pg/ml), T4 (12.0–23.0 pg/ml); OH: TSH > 4.2 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 with normal T3 (<3.7 pg/ml), T4 (<12.0 pg/ml) | Excluded | n = 541; age: not mentioned; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 85
OH: 7
SCH: 78 |
| 61 | Kharkongor and Gupta 1998; Meghalaya [86] | Community-based | Hypothyroidism: TSH > 7 mIU/L in Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | Included | n = 70; age:15–25 years; GA: Δ1, Δ2, Δ3 | TH: 1
OH:
SCH: |
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