Lignin: Characterization of a Multifaceted Crop Component

Table 3

Summary of studies reporting QTL for lignin content of different crop species.

Species	Population	Marker type	Lignin type	No. of QTLs detected (partial 𝑅^2)	Primary breeding aim	Reference
Maize	100 RIL of F2 (—) X Io (—)	152 RFLP	ADL	1 (7.6)	Forage quality	[132]
Maize	131 RIL of F288 X F271	341 SSR	ADL/KL	21 (6.6–20.4)	Forage quality	[133]
Maize	200 RIL of B73 (↓) X B52 (↑)	120 RFLP, 65 SSR	ADL	Sheath 8 (0.2–12.2); Stalks 12 (0.3–10.4)	Forage quality	[134]
Maize	191 RIL of B73 (↓) X De811 (↑)	113 RFLP, 33 SSR	ADL	10 (6–17)	Forage quality	[135]
Maize	200 RIL of B73 (↓) X De811 (↑)	113 RFLP, 33 SSR	ADL	12 (4–17)	Forage quality	[136]
Maize	242 RIL of F838 (↑) X F286 (↓)	249 SSR	KL/ADL	15 (5.9–16.5)	Forage quality	[137]
Maize	140 RIL of Fl1 (↓) X Fl2 (↑)	189 SSR	ADL	4 (10.7–19.7)	Forage quality	[138]
Maize	240 RIL of F838 X F286	101 SSR	KL/ADL	14 (5.6–21.2)	Forage quality	[139]
Maize	223 RIL of B73 (—) X Mo17 (—)	Maize GDB map^§	KL	4 (5-6)	Biofuel production	[140]
Maize	206 RIL of B73 (—) X Mo17 (—)	IBM2 framework map^#	NIRS	6 (18.7–28.1)	Biofuel production	[141]
Maize	163 RIL of RIo (↑) X WM13 (↓)	108 SSR	KL/ADL	15 (8.5–43)	Diverse	[142]
Barley	494 RIL of Arta (↓) x H. spontaneum 41-1 (↑)	158 RFLP, 30SSR	NIRS	11 (4.2–8.9)	Forage quality	[143]
Barley	72 DH of Steptoe (—) X Morex (—)	327 markers^$	ADL	4 (8.6–14.2)	Forage quality	[144]
Sorghum	176 RIL of BTx623 (—) X Rio (—)	68 SSR and 222 AFLP	ADL	Stem 5 (n.a.); Leaf 5 (n.a.)	Biofuel production	[145]
Sorghum	188 RIL of SS79 (↓) X M71 (↑)	157 SSR and AFLP	ADL	15 (7.1–18.9)	Biofuel production	[146]
Rice	127 DH of ZYQ8 (↑) X JX17 (↓)	243 RFLP	ADL	1 (23.8)	Forage quality	[147]
Rice	202 BIL of Xieqingzao (↑) X DWR (↓)	149 markers	ADL	5 (4.9–12.6)	Forage quality	[148]
Rape seed	232 RIL of GH06 (↓) X P174 (↑)	RFLP/SSR	ADL	1 (39.3)	Feed value	[149]

RIL: recombinant inbred lines; DH: doubled haploids; BIL: backcross inbred lines; (↓) denotes parent with lower lignin content, (↑) denotes parent with higher lignin content, (—) denotes no consistent difference in lignin content between parents; RFLP: restricted fragment length polymorphism; SSR: simple sequence repeat; AFLP: amplified fragment length polymorphism; §marker data were obtained from http://www.maizegdb.org/; ^#marker data were obtained from www.maizemap.org; ^$marker data were obtained from http://barleygenomics.wsu.edu/; ABSL: acetyl bromide soluble lignin; ADL: acid detergent lignin; KL: Klason lignin; NIRS: lignin content was determined by near-infrared spectroscopy; partial 𝑅² indicates the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL; n.a.: not available.