PPAR family members and a number of other nuclear receptors such as CAR, PXR, LXR, RXR, and FXR are transcription factors that play important roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, such as adipocyte differentiation, glucose homeostasis, lipid trafficking and metabolism, as well as vascular function and hypertension. Xenobiotic chemicals such as phthalate plasticizers, the synthetic surfactants perfluoroalkyl acids, and a variety of drugs and pesticides have been shown to activate PPAR family members, leading to alterations of cell functions and physiological responses in a number of target organs. The human health risks from chemically induced PPAR activation are presently being debated. This special issue is planned to highlight the recent advances made in (1) identifying chemicals that modulate PPAR activity, (2) characterizing the downstream biochemical and physiological consequences from these chemical insults, as well as (3) addressing the relevance of this action and toxicity for human health risks. We invite authors to present original research articles or reviews that address any aspect of xenobiotic-induced PPAR modulation, and potential related adverse effects to exposed humans. Topics include but are not limited to:

• Cancer
• Reproduction
• Development
• Immunology
• Metabolic endpoints
• Involvement of different PPAR subtypes and RXRs in these effects
• Clinical and epidemiological studies dealing with this topic with relevance to human health

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ppar/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/ according to the following timetable: