(a): Epidurally administered acetylcholine (Ach) induced focal EEG seizure activity in the left motor cortex pre-treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF), in a freely-moving rat. In contrast, in the same rat simultaneous application of Ach in the right motor cortex pre-treated with 1 mM muscimol could not induce epileptiform EEG activity. (b): In the same experiment, epidural delivery of 1 mM muscimol into the Ach seizure focus stopped the ongoing EEG seizure within 10 seconds. Muscimol delivery was performed with the HNP minipump mounted on the rat’s head, an shown in Figure 6.