Catalytic late direct-injection spark-ignition engine with (catalyst as a porous structure) [58]: 10-catalytic late direct-injection spark-ignition engine; 14-piston; 15-combustion chamber (piston bowl); 16-piston top; 18-cylinder head; 19-combustion chamber; 20-inlet valve; 22-exhaust valve; 23-injection nozzle; 24-spray tip; 26-spark plug; 27-spark plug gap; 30-catalytic grid; 31-opening in catalytic grid.