Research Article

An Approach to Applying Feedback Error Learning for Functional Electrical Stimulation Controller: Computer Simulation Tests of Wrist Joint Control

Figure 9

An example of open-loop control with the trained ANN. Joint angles and ANN outputs are shown. Three of six cycles in one control trial were shown. (model A, Palmar, cycle period of 3 s). Values of ME were 7.1 deg for palmar flexion/dorsiflexion and 4.8 deg for radial flexion/ulnar flexion in (a), and 2.1 deg and 2.0 deg in (b), respectively.
814702.fig.009a
(a) Without the ARW
814702.fig.009b
(b) With the ARW