Research Article
Bandgap Engineering in ZnO By Doping with 3d Transition Metal Ions
Table 1
Details of Starting materials, processing temperatures, composition, and refined lattice constants of the bulk Zn0.95TM0.05O (TM = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, & Ni) samples.
| | Sample ID | Starting materials | Sintering Temp | % of dopant from EDAX | Goodness of fit | Wt% of secondary phases | Refined lattice parameters |
| | ZnO | bulk ZnO | As obtained | — | 1.11 | Single phase | = 3.2753 (2) | | = 5.2476 (4) | | Zn0.95Cr0.05O | ZnO & Cr2O3 | 800°C/24 h | 6.31% | 1.53 | 0.044% of ZnCr2O4 | = 3.2647 (2) | | = 5.2283 (4) | | Zn0.95Mn0.05O | ZnO & MnO | 1200°C/12 h | 3.98% | 1.15 | Single phase | = 3.2800 (2) | | = 5.2514 (5) | | Zn0.95Fe0.05O | ZnO & Fe2O3 | 1200°C/24 h | 3.50% | 1.27 | 0.022% of Zn0.98Fe2.02O4 | = 3.2750 (3) | | = 5.2444 (5) | | Zn0.95Co0.05O | ZnO & Co3O4 | 900°C/12 h | 3.82% | 1.14 | Single phase | = 3.2607 (2) | | = 5.2200 (5) | | Zn0.95Ni0.05O | ZnO & NiO | 1200°C/24 h | 3.86% | 1.28 | 0.0472% of NiO | = 3.2717 (1) | | = 5.2376 (3) |
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