Research Article
Performance and Emissions of Sunflower, Rapeseed, and Cottonseed Oils as Fuels in an Agricultural Tractor Engine
Table 3
Physical and chemical properties of the three vegetable oils and diesel fuel.
| | Fuel Type | | Diesel | Sunflower oil | Rapeseed oil | Cottonseed oil | | Acronym | | DF | SunO | RapO | CotO |
| | Calorific value | MJ/kg | 43.350 [10] | 39.525 [10] | 37.620 [10] | 39.648 [10] | | Viscosity at 35°C | cSt | 3.05 (measured) | 40.96 (measured) | 42.38 (measured) | 41.67 (measured) | | Density at 25°C | kg/m3 | 815 [10] | 918 [10] | 914 [10] | 912 [10] | | Carbon residue | % | Max 0.4 [25] | 0.13 [26] | 0.3 [25] | 0.23–0.25 [27] | | Ash content | % | Max 0.01 [25] | <0.01 [26] | 0.003 [25] | 0.02 [28] | | Cetane number | — | 47 [10] | 37.1 [10] | 37.6 [10] | 48.1 [10] | | Iodine value | cg I.g oil | 95–125 [25] | 126.3 [29] | 112 [25] | 103–115 [30] | | Saponification value | mgKOH/g oil | — [29] | 191 [29] | 197.07 [28] | 207.71 [28] | | Sulphur content | % | 0.27 [12] | 0.01 [28] | 0.00 [12] | 0.008–0.010 [27] | | Water content | % | <0.1 [31] | <0.1 [31] | 0.06 [25] | — | | Carbon content | % | 87.5 [31] | 77.6 [31] | — | — | | Flame point |
°C | 58 [14] | 220 [14] | 275–290 [14] | 210 [14] | | Flash point |
°C | 76 [32] | 274 [32] | 246 [32] | 234 [32] | | Cloud point |
°C | −2.2 [13] | 7.2 [32] | −3.9 [32] | 1.7 [32] | | Pour point |
°C | −12.2 [13] | −15 [32] | −31.7 [32] | −15 [32] | | CFPP |
°C | −10.1 [13] | −18 [13] | −15 [13] | −6 [33] | | Chemical formula | — | C16H34 [14] | C57H103O6 [14] | C57H105O6 [14] | C55H102O6 [14] |
|
|
