Research Article

Statistical Effects in the Solar Activity Cycles during AD 1823–1996

Table 1

Comparison of common properties of the six statistical effects (GO1, GO2, W1, W2, AP1, and AP2) with respect to group sunspot number, wolf number, and total sunspot area. Cycles span the time interval 1823–1996 (cycles 7–22).

Effect 𝑋 𝑌 Coefficient of correlation between 𝑋 and 𝑌
Group sunspot numberWolf numberTotal sunspot area

GO1Amplitude ( 2 𝑁 )Amplitude ( 2 𝑁 + 1 )0.69 (0.92)0.77 (0.97)0.77 (0.98)
GO2Intensity ( 2 𝑁 )Intensity ( 2 𝑁 + 1 )0.93 (0.9925)0.93 (>0.9999)0.91 (0.9965)
W1Amplitude ( 𝑁 )Rise time ( 𝑁 )−0.49 (0.94)−0.78 (0.9996)−0.43 (0.89)
W2Amplitude ( 𝑁 )Rise rate ( 𝑁 )0.86 (0.9999)0.87 (>0.9999)0.85 (>0.9999)
AP1Amplitude ( 𝑁 )Length ( 𝑁 )−0.53 (0.96)−0.42 (0.89)−0.28 (0.73)
AP2Amplitude ( 𝑁 )Length ( 𝑁 1 )−0.36 (0.81)−0.48 (0.93)−0.43 (0.89)