Influenza Research and Treatment

Review Article

Blow Flies Were One of the Possible Candidates for Transmission of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus during the 2004 Outbreaks in Japan

Table 1

Diagnostic results of H5N1 influenza A viruses from crop, intestine, and feces and vomit matters of a blow fly after experimental exposure to the virus solution (from [10]).
PostexposureReplicateCropIntestineFeces and vomit mattersVirus-exposed cotton
VITCID50PCRsVITCID50PCRsVITCID50PCRsVI PCRs
20ºC1+3.50++3.50+
2+3.33++4.00+
3+1.83++0.50+
4+4.60++3.50+
3 h5+2.60++3.00+NT5.00+
6+1.67++1.67+
7+<0.50++<0.50+
8+4.63++3.50+
9+3.00++3.63+
10+<0.50++<0.50+
1+<0.50++3.50+−NT+
6 h2+<0.50++1.50+−NT+NT4.50+
3−<0.50+−<0.50+−NT+
1+1.00++1.00+−NT+
9 h2+<0.50++<0.50+−NT+NT5.60+
3−<0.50+−<0.50+−NT+
1−<0.50+−<0.50+−NT+
24 h2−<0.50+−<0.50+−NT+NT4.67+
3+1.67++<0.50+−NT+
1−NT+−NT++<0.50+
48 h2−NT+−NT+−NT+NT4.83+
3−NT+−NT+−NT+
1−NT+−NT+−NT+
14 d2−NT+−NT+−NT+NT<0.50+
3−NT+−NT+−NT+
1−NT+−NT+−NT+
10ºC14 d2−NT+−NT+−NT+NT<0.50+
3−NT+−NT+−NT+
VI: virus isolation using embryonated chicken eggs, TCID50: virus titers (log10 TCID50/0.05 mL) were calculated by the inoculation onto MDCK cells,
PCRs: RT-PCR performed with specific primers for the HA and M genes and followed by a nested PCR with primers for the HA gene, NT: not tested.
The average of two times of the virus titration.