Venn diagrams of compounds causing adverse effects in the livers of humans, rodents, and/or nonrodents. (a) The numbers of compounds causing effects in each species class alone and in more than one class, and (b) the proportions of compounds reporting liver effects in humans that have effects only in humans, in humans and rodents, in humans and nonrodents, and in all three species classes, as defined by assertions derived from Medline in a total of 1061 compounds (see http://www.biowisdom.com/downloads/SIP_Board_Species_Concordance.pdf).