Review Article
Recent Clinical and Experimental Advances in Atrial Fibrillation
Table 1
Alteration in Connexin expression in AF.
| Author | Species | Disease animal model | Sample | Cx protein | Cx mRNA | Histology | Others |
| Luo | Human n = 24 | AF | RA appendage | Cx43 ↓ (volume fraction) | | | | Polontchouk et al. | Human n = 12 | Chronic AF | Atrial tissue | Cx43→, Cx40 ↑ (western) | | Lateral membrane of atrial cells | | Nao et al. | Human n = 10 | Chronic AF | RA myocardium | Cx40 ↓,Cx43→ (western) | Cx40 ↓ Cx43→(PCR) | | Cx40 abnormal phosphorylation | Rucker-Martin et al. | Human rat | Chronic AF MI | RA appendage | nonphosphorylated Cx43 ↑ | | | Myocyte-myocyte coupling ↓ | Dupont et al. | Human n = 9 | CAD with AF | RA appendage | Cx43,45→ Cx40 ↑ (western) | Cx43,45→ Cx40 ↑ (northern) | | | Li | Human n = 45 | CAD with AF | RA appendage | Cx40,43→ (western) | | | | Kostin et al. | Human n = 31 | Chronic AF | RA free wall appendage | Cx 40,43 ↓ (immunoconfocal) | | Lateralization of Cx40,43 Cx40 heterogenous distribution | | Dhein | Human n = 126 | Chronic AF | LA free wall | | Cx40,43 ↑ (PCR) | | Cx40 expression parallel to serum Ca | van der Velden et al. | Goat | RA pacing | RA, LA appendage | Cx40,43→ (western) | C × 40,43→ (PCR) | Cx40 inhomogeneities No change of Cx43 distribution | | Ausma et al. | Goat | RA pacing | Atrial appendage | Cx40↓ (western) | | | | Zhang et al. | Dog | RA pacing | PV, LA tissue | PV; Cx40 ↓ LA;Cx43↓ (western) | PV,LA;Cx40 → Cx43→(PCR) | | | Van der Velden | Goat | RA pacing | RA, LA appendage | Cx40/Cx43↓ (immunofluorescence signal) | Cx40,43 → (PCR) | Heterogeneity in Cx40 | | Elvan | Dog | RA pacing | RA tissue | Cx43 ↑ (immunohistochemical analysis) | | | |
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CAD: coronary artery disease; RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium; Cx: Connexin.
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