Review Article
Gene Duplication and the Genome Distribution of Sex-Biased Genes
Table 2
Summary of microarray studies data for sex-biased expression in nonvertebrate animals and male versus female contributions to sex-biased expression.
| Species | Approach | Tissue | Cut-off | Sex-biased Percentage | Male/Female | References |
| Drosophila | D. melanogaster | cDNA Microarray (4,000 cDNAs) | Whole body | Twofold∖ Fourfold | >50%∖NA | Females∖Males | Ranz et al. [3] | FlyGEM Microarray | Gonads and whole body | Twofold | 17% | Males (64%) | Parisi et al. [61] | Affymetrix Microarray (18,800 transcripts) | Whole body | FDR ≤ 0.01∖ Twofold | 88%∖25% | ~Equal contribution from males and females | Ayroles et al. [98] | D. pseudoobcura | Oligo Microarray | Whole body | Twofold | 42% | Males (64%) | Jiang and Machado [95] | Seven Drosophila | Oligo Microarray | Whole body | | 13% to 32% | Male mostly (5 out of 7 species) | Zhang et al. [97] | D. simulans | cDNA Microarray (4,000 cDNAs) | Whole body | Twofold∖ Fourfold | >50%∖NA | Females∖Males | Ranz et al. [3] |
| Tribolium castaneum | cDNA Microarray (98% of cDNAs) | Whole body | | 20% | Females (58%) | Prince et al. [36] |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | Microarray (94% of the gene set) | Whole bodies and mutants lacking germline | Twofold | 29% | Hermaphrodites | Reinke et al. [5] |
| Anopheles gambiae | Affymetrix Microarray | Whole bodies | Fourfold | 10% | Females (71%) | Hahn and Lanzaro [101] |
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