International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Clinic Attenders in Isfahan, Iran

Table 2

Age and age-adjusted means (SE) and proportions of selected baseline characteristics between 1017 patients with type 2 diabetes who did and 2030 who did not develop metabolic syndrome (MetS).


Variables	Developed MetS	Not developed MetS	Difference (95% CI)
Variables	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	Difference (95% CI)

Age at registration (yr.)	50.8 (0.34)	50.2 (0.24)	0.6 (−0.23, 1.43)
Duration of diabetes (yr.)	6.2 (0.18)	6.4 (0.13)	−0.2 (−0.62, 0.32)
Age at diagnosis (yr.)	44.3 (0.18)	44.0 (0.13)	0.3 (0.00, 1.59)
Followup (yr.)	11.6 (0.15)	12.0 (0.11)	−0.4 (−1.13, −0.39)***
Number of follow-up visits	15.6 (0.41)	9.6 (0.29)	6.0 (5.01, 6.99)***
Height (cm)	159.8 (0.29)	161.5 (0.21)	−1.7 (−2.41, −0.99)***
Weight (kg)	66.8 (0.36)	64.0 (0.25)	2.8 (1.68, 3.73)***
BMI (Kg/m²)	26.0 (0.12)	24.3 (0.09)	1.7 (1.40, 2.00)***
Systolic BP (mmHg)	116.1 (0.43)	115.3 (0.31)	0.8 (−0.30, 1.90)
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	72.4 (0.31)	71.6 (0.23)	0.8 (0.00, 1.56)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	203.5 (2.49)	200.0 (1.78)	3.5 (−2.50, 9.50)
HbA_1c (%)	8.7 (0.11)	8.6 (0.09)	0.1 (−0.18, 0.38)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.94 (0.03)	0.97 (0.02)	−0.03 (−0.10, 0.04)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	162.8 (3.77)	158.3 (2.76)	4.5 (−4.65, 13.70)
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	210.7 (1.48)	205.5 (1.07)	5.2 (−1.61, −8.79)**
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	51.0 (0.74)	51.6 (0.68)	−0.6 (−2.58, 1.38)
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	124.0 (2.44)	121.2 (2.24)	2.8 (−3.51, 9.51)
	%	%
Men	43.9	50.0	−6.1 (−9.9, −2.4)**
Obesity (BMI ≥30)	15.7	8.4	7.3 (4.7, 10.00)***
Dyslipidemia^†	33.6	35.4	−1.8 (−5.4, 1.9)
Currentsmoker	12.9	19.5	−6.6 (−9.71, −3.61)***
Therapeutic regimen
Diet	20.7	23.5	−2.8 (−5.81, 0.38)
Oral agent	62.1	60.5	1.6 (−1.97, 5.35)
Insulin	17.1	16.1	1.0 (−1.79, 3.84)
Education
Primary or below	64.2	57.6	6.6 (2.82, 10.30)**
Secondary	25.4	28.0	−2.6 (−5.92, 0.89)
Matriculation or above	10.3	14.4	−4.1 (−6.54, −1.57)**

* , **, and ***. CI: Confidence interval; BP: blood pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The difference in the mean or percentage of the variables between MetS and no MetS. ^†Dyslipidemia: triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL (≥1.7 mmol/L) or HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (<0.9 mmol/L) in men or <50 mg/dL (<1.0 mmol/L) in women.