International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Clinic Attenders in Isfahan, Iran

Table 3

Incidence rates and relative risks (RR) for metabolic syndrome by baseline variables.


Variables	At risk	Case	Person-year	Incidence/1000 person-year	Crude RR	Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)^†
Variables	(number)	(number)	Person-year	Incidence/1000 person-year	(95% CI)	Age-adjusted RR (95% CI)^†

All	3,047	1017	35677	28.5	—	—
Gender
Men	1,461	446	17205	25.9	1.00	1.00
Women	1,586	571	18472	30.9	1.19 (1.06, 1.35)**	0.99 (0.84, 1.70)
Age (yr.)
<40	485	133	5552	23.9	1.00	—
40–49	946	321	10603	30.3	1.27 (1.04, 1.54)**	—
50–59	946	351	10732	32.7	1.37 (1.12, 1.66)**	—
60–69	508	165	6700	24.6	1.03 (0.82, 1.29)	—
≥70	160	47	2134	22.0	0.92 (0.66, 1.28)	—
Age at diagnosis (yr.)
<30	198	58	2333	24.9	1.00	—
30–59	2584	874	30116	29.0	1.16 (0.90, 1.52)	—
≥60	251	80	3126	25.6	1.03 (0.74, 1.44)	—
Duration of diabetes (yr.)
<5	1,551	522	17101	30.5	1.00	1.00
5–7	540	173	6450	26.8	0.88 (0.74, 1.04)	0.85 (0.77, 0.94)**
8–11	422	143	5104	28.0	0.92 (0.77, 1.10)	0.79 (0.71, 0.88)***
≥12	522	174	6927	25.1	0.82 (0.70, 0.98)	0.71 (0.65, 0.80)***
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
<100	139	51	1428	35.7	1.00	1.00
≥100	2809	951	33258	28.6	0.80 (0.61, 1.06)	0.78 (0.66, 0.93)**
HbA_1c (%)
<6.5	258	99	1407	70.4	1.00	1.00
≥6.5	1,034	423	8667	48.8	0.69 (0.56, 0.86)*	0.51 (0.45, 0.59)***
Systolic BP (mmHg)
<130	2556	919	28892	31.8	1.00	1.00
≥130	348	96	4410	21.8	0.69 (0.56, 0.84)**	0.90 (0.80, 1.01)
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
<85	2709	966	30796	31.4	1.00	1.00
≥85	189	49	2413	20.3	0.65 (0.49, 0.86)**	0.88 (0.76, 1.02)
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
<200	1332	429	14494	29.6	1.00	1.00
200–219	512	182	6038	30.1	1.02 (0.86, 1.21)	0.84 (0.76, 0.93)
>220	1010	373	12892	28.9	0.98 (0.85, 1.12)	0.75 (0.69, 0.81)***
HDL (mg/dL)
Men ≥40 & women ≥50	438	210	3883	54.0	1.00	1.00
Men <40 & women <50	106	39	989	39.4	0.73 (0.52, 1.02)	0.85 (0.68, 1.05)
LDL (mg/dL)
<100	144	57	1226	46.5	1.00	1.00
≥100	388	186	3533	52.6	1.13 (0.85, 1.51)	0.86 (0.71, 1.05)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
<150	1951	693	21754	31.9	1.00	1.00
≥150	878	292	11276	25.9	0.81 (0.71, 0.93)**	0.73 (0.67, 0.79)***
BMI (kg/m²)
<25	1688	511	20077	25.5	1.00	1.00
25–29.9	644	300	6739	44.5	1.75 (1.52, 2.01)***	1.24 (1.12, 1.35)***
≥30	293	153	2803	54.6	2.14 (1.80, 2.56)***	1.47 (1.29, 1.67)***
Smoking
Nonsmoker	1979	677	25960	26.1	1.00	1.00
Currentsmoker	416	100	5820	17.2	0.66 (0.54, 0.81)***	0.87 (0.74, 0.98)*
Education
Primary or below	1718	621	21273	29.2	1.00	1.00
Secondary	778	246	8142	30.2	1.03 (0.89, 1.20)	1.25 (1.14, 1.36)***
Matriculation or above	374	100	3782	26.4	0.90 (0.74, 1.12)	1.37 (1.23, 1.54)***
Creatinine (mg/dL)
≤1.5	2159	823	22669	36.3	1.00	1.00
>1.5	61	21	841	25.0	0.69 (0.45, 1.05)	0.60 (0.47, 0.77)***
Therapeutic regimen
Diet	687	211	8471	24.9	1.00	1.00
Oral agent	1860	632	21480	29.4	1.18 (1.01, 1.38)***	1.25 (1.11, 1.40)***
Insulin	500	174	5777	30.1	1.21 (0.99, 1.49)	1.20 (1.10, 1.32)***

Total number of patient-years and at risk is not the same for each variable because of missing values. ^†Relative risks (with 95% CI) calculated by Cox’s proportional hazards model. CI: Confidence interval; RR: relative risk; BP: blood pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. *, **, and ***.