Integrin α ₁₁ is elevated in ESCC tumor tissue, and CCN1 has direct interaction with integrin α ₁₁ esophageal epithelial cells. (a) Endogenous CCN1 interacts with integrin α ₁₁ in Het-1A cells although signals are weak (control). (b) After Het-1A cells were treated with CCN1 for 6 hours, the signals reflecting CCN1 and integrin α ₁₁ interaction were greatly increased. (c) Adding CCN1 antibody to the cell culture eliminated the signal of CCN1-integrin α ₁₁ interaction. (d) Integrin α ₁₁ expression in normal esophageal mucosa (250x). (e) Integrin α ₁₁ is elevated in ESCC tumor tissue (250x). (f) Integrin α ₁₁ is mainly localized to the cell membrane in ESCC tumor (600x).