Review Article
Why Chromosome Palindromes?
Table 1
Copy number and expression profiles of MSY genes in primates.
| | Origin | Gene | Rhesus | Human | Chimp | X-homolog |
| | Stratum | | Ancestral genes | |
| | SRY | 1 (?) | 1 (pT) | 1 (T + S) | Yes | | RBMY | 1 (T) | 6 (T) | 6 (pT) | Yes | | 1 | RPS4Y1 | 1 (T+P) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | RPS4Y2 | 1 (T) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | HSFY | 3 (T) | 2 (T) | — | Yes |
| | 2 | KDM5D | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | TSPY | 5 (T) | 35 (T) | 6 (pT + L + Li) | Yes |
| | ZFY | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | DDX3Y | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | UTY | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | 3 | EIF1AY | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | CYorf15A | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | CYorf15B | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | ps (B) | Yes | | USP9Y | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | ps (B) | Yes | | TMSB4Y | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | ps | Yes |
| | AMELY | 1 (?) | 1 (B) | 1 (?) | Yes | | 4 | NLGN4Y | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | TBL1Y | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | ps (B) | Yes |
| | 5 | PRKY | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | 1 (B) | Yes | | MXRA5Y | 1 (B) | ps | ps | Yes |
| | Total: | 26 | 59 | 24 | |
| | | Added genes | |
| | A-transposed | DAZ | 2 (T) | 4 (T) | 4 (T) | No | | A-retroposed | CDY | 2 (T) | 4 (T) | 5 (pT) | No | | XKRY | 1 (B) | 2 (T) | ps (pT) | No | | BPY2 | — | 3 (T) | 2 (T) | No | | PRY | — | 2 (T) | — | No | | VCY | — | 2 (T) | 2 (?) | Yes | | X-transposed | PCDH11Y | — | 1 (Br) | — | Yes | | X-transposed | TGIF2LY | — | 1 (T) | — | Yes |
| | Total: | 5 | 19 | 13 | |
| | Total AG
a | 12 | 60 | 25 | | | Total AF
b | 4 | 9 | 6 | | | Grand Total: | 31 | 78 | 37 | |
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Modified from [26]. Expression data from [26, 34, 36, 49]. T: testis, pT: predominantly testis, B: broad, Br: brain, P: prostate, S: spleen, L: lung, Li: liver, ?: not known. Absent gene (—), pseudogene (ps). aAmpliconic genes; bAmpliconic families.
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