Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling ordination plots of bird assemblages in (a) May presence/absence of 12 species, (b) June presence/absence 10 species, (c) July presence/absence of 7 species, and (d) August presence/absence of 8 species of aquatic birds across 200 ponds surveyed in 2007 in the Peace Parkland, Alberta. Landscape types are coded by agricultural ponds (0–33.3% forest within a 500 m pond buffer, ), mixed habitat ponds (33.4–66.6% forest, ), forest ponds (66.7–100% forest, ). “ALL” is a dummy variable, included in order to keep all ponds in analyses (see text). See Table 2 for species codes.