MKP-1 gene transfer alleviated bone resorption in rats after LPS challenge. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (17 rats/group) were injected either Ad.MKP-1, or Ad. LacZ (1×109 pfu in 4 μl), or HEPES buffered saline (4 μl). Forty-eight hours after the adenovirus injection, the rats were injected with 2 μl of either 20 μg of LPS (from A. actinomycetemcomitans) or PBS three times a week for four weeks. (a) Representative microcomputed tomography images of rat maxillae from indicated treatment groups. (b) Volumetric analysis of bone loss levels ( for PBS groups, for LPS groups, *); [140]. Reproduced with permission.