International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Racial/Ethnic Variability in Diabetes Mellitus among United States Residents Is Unexplained by Lifestyle, Sociodemographics and Prognostic Factors

Table 1

Study characteristics comparing covariates by race/ethnicity in a sample of community-based United States residents.


Variables	Caucasian		African American		Hispanic		Others		χ ² (df)
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ ² (df)

Education									1800.0 (9)	<0.001
<High school	8672	43.0	2257	54.2	3852	71.1	368	33.5
High school	6090	30.2	1278	30.7	1046	19.3	277	25.2
Some college	3559	17.6	444	10.6	352	6.5	259	23.6
≥Bachelor’s degree	1848	9.2	189	4.5	166	3.1	195	17.7
Income									772.3 (3)	<0.001
≤$20,000	5,547	27.5	1,872	44.9	2,290	42.3	301	27.4
>$20,000	14,622	72.5	2,296	55.1	3,126	57.7	798	72.6
Marital status									744.0 (3)	<0.001
Married	9,407	46.6	2,895	69.5	2,566	47.4	505	46.0
Nonmarried	10,762	53.4	1,273	30.5	2,850	52.6	594	54.0
Insurance status									4.3 (3)	0.222
Yes	18,005	89.3	3,717	89.2	4,799	88.6	996	90.6
No	2,164	10.7	451	10.8	617	11.4	103	9.4
Current smoking status									673.9 (3)	<0.001
Yes	9,666	47.9	1,572	37.7	1630	30.1	347	31.6
No	10,503	52.1	2,596	62.3	3,786	69.9	752	68.4
Alcohol history									660.5 (2)	<0.001
Yes	13,277	65.8	2,054	49.3	2,767	51.1
No	6,892	34.2	2,114	50.7	2,649	48.9
Physical activity									182.0 (3)	<0.001
Yes	5,816	28.8	1,025	24.6	1,087	20.1	323	29.4
No	14,353	71.2	3,143	75.4	4,329	79.9	776	70.6
Body mass index									575.3 (9)	<0.001
Underweight	421	2.2	47	1.2	62	1.22	53	5.1
Normal weight	7,812	40.8	1,169	29.9	1,782	35.0	588	56.0
Overweight	6,776	35.3	1,384	35.4	1,969	38.7	289	27.6
Obese	4,152	21.7	1,307	33.5	1,280	25.1	119	11.3
Age group									927.7 (3)	<0.001
≤50 years	7244	35.9	1,878	45.1	3,125	57.7	585	53.2
>50 years	12,925	64.1	2,290	54.9	2,291	42.3	514	46.8