Review Article
Self-Limited Pneumoporta in the Era of Computed Tomography: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Table 1
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pneumoporta resolution in reported cases in the literature.
| Cause | | Age (years) | Sex | Detected modality | Duration of pneumoporta | Follow-up modality | Surgery | Outcome |
| Noniatrogenic |
| | Bowel ischemia/necrosis [19–22] | 73 | F | CT | 3 days | CT | Y | Expired | | 82 | F | CT | 24 hours | CT | N | Uneventful | | 51 | F | CT | 2 months | CT | Y | Uneventful | | 86 | M | CT | 6 days | CT | Y | Uneventful | | Ischemic colitis [23] | 61 | M | CT | 20 days | CT | N | Uneventful | Dysmotility | Small bowel obstruction [24, 25] | 64 | F | XR | 7 days | CT | Y | Uneventful | 61 | M | CT | 3 h | CT | N | Uneventful | Superior mesenteric artery syndrome [26] | 10 | F | CT | 48 h | CT | N | Uneventful | Infection/inflammation | Gastroenteritis [1] | 58 | M | CT | 4 days | CT | N | Uneventful | Pyelonephritis [27] | 56 | M | CT | 1 month | CT | Y | Uneventful | Septic thrombophlebitis [28] | 52 | M | CT | 2 months | CT | N | Uneventful | Terminal ileitis [29] | 64 | F | CT | 18 hours | CT | N | Uneventful | Crohn’s disease [30–32] | 40 | F | CT | 7 days | CT | N | Uneventful | 70 | M | CT | 2 days | CT | N | Uneventful | 26 | F | CT | 9 hours | CT | N | Uneventful | Retroperitoneal abscess [33, 34] | 31 | M | CT | 10 days | CT | Y | Uneventful | | | 64 | M | CT | 3 days | CT | Y | — | Medication/toxicity-related conditions | Accidental ingestion of hydrogen peroxide [35–37] | 67 | M | CT | 24 hours | CT | N | Uneventful | 31 | F | CT | 3 days | CT | N | Uneventful | Caustic ingestion [38] | 55 | F | CT | 24 hours | CT | N | Uneventful | Colchicine [39] | 57 | M | CT | 4 days | CT | N | Uneventful | Others | Graft-versus-host disease [15, 40] | 29 | M | CT | 2 weeks | CT | N | Uneventful | | 52 | M | CT | 3 weeks | CT | N | Expired (died due to underlying disease) | Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis [41] | 94 | F | CT | 11 days | CT | Y | Uneventful |
| Iatrogenic |
| | Radiofrequency ablation [42] | —* | —* | CT | 20 mins | CT | N | Uneventful | | Cryotherapy [43] | 50 | M | CT | 24 hours | CT | N | Expired (portal vein thrombosis and sepsis) | | Endoscopy or related procedure [40, 44] | 26 | F | CT | 24 hours | XR | N | Uneventful | | 76 | M | CT | 2 days | CT | N | Uneventful | | Endoscopic balloon dilatation [45] | 31 | M | CT | 5 days | CT | N | Uneventful | | Esophageal variceal band ligation or endoscopic sclerotherapy [46] | 77 | F | CT | 3 days | CT | N | Uneventful | | Linton probe insertion [47] | 54 | M | CT | 24 hours | CT | N | Uneventful | | Barium enema [48] | 86 | M | CT | 3 days | CT | N | Uneventful | | Oxygen peroxide enema [36] | 31 | M | CT | 48 hours | CT | N | Uneventful | | Lumbar puncture [49] | 19 | F | Ultrasound | 4 days | CT | N | Uneventful | | Intra-aortic balloon pulsation [50] | 49 | — | CT | 2 days | Ultrasound | N | Uneventful | | Pancreaticoduodenectomy [51] | 63 | M | CT | CT: 18 days; ultrasound: 22 days | CT, ultrasound | N | Uneventful | | Resuscitation [52] | 25 | M | CT | 24 hours | CT | N | Uneventful |
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CT: computed tomography; EUS: endoscopic ultrasound. —: not mentioned in the literature.
*25 cases were reported.
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