International Scholarly Research Notices

Review Article

Self-Limited Pneumoporta in the Era of Computed Tomography: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pneumoporta resolution in reported cases in the literature.


Cause		Age (years)	Sex	Detected modality	Duration of pneumoporta	Follow-up modality	Surgery	Outcome

Noniatrogenic

	Bowel ischemia/necrosis [19–22]	73	F	CT	3 days	CT	Y	Expired
		82	F	CT	24 hours	CT	N	Uneventful
		51	F	CT	2 months	CT	Y	Uneventful
		86	M	CT	6 days	CT	Y	Uneventful
	Ischemic colitis [23]	61	M	CT	20 days	CT	N	Uneventful
Dysmotility	Small bowel obstruction [24, 25]	64	F	XR	7 days	CT	Y	Uneventful
	Small bowel obstruction [24, 25]	61	M	CT	3 h	CT	N	Uneventful
	Superior mesenteric artery syndrome [26]	10	F	CT	48 h	CT	N	Uneventful
Infection/inflammation	Gastroenteritis [1]	58	M	CT	4 days	CT	N	Uneventful
	Pyelonephritis [27]	56	M	CT	1 month	CT	Y	Uneventful
	Septic thrombophlebitis [28]	52	M	CT	2 months	CT	N	Uneventful
	Terminal ileitis [29]	64	F	CT	18 hours	CT	N	Uneventful
	Crohn’s disease [30–32]	40	F	CT	7 days	CT	N	Uneventful
		70	M	CT	2 days	CT	N	Uneventful
		26	F	CT	9 hours	CT	N	Uneventful
	Retroperitoneal abscess [33, 34]	31	M	CT	10 days	CT	Y	Uneventful
		64	M	CT	3 days	CT	Y	—
Medication/toxicity-related conditions	Accidental ingestion of hydrogen peroxide [35–37]	67	M	CT	24 hours	CT	N	Uneventful
	Accidental ingestion of hydrogen peroxide [35–37]	31	F	CT	3 days	CT	N	Uneventful
	Caustic ingestion [38]	55	F	CT	24 hours	CT	N	Uneventful
	Colchicine [39]	57	M	CT	4 days	CT	N	Uneventful
Others	Graft-versus-host disease [15, 40]	29	M	CT	2 weeks	CT	N	Uneventful
		52	M	CT	3 weeks	CT	N	Expired (died due to underlying disease)
	Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis [41]	94	F	CT	11 days	CT	Y	Uneventful

Iatrogenic

	Radiofrequency ablation [42]	—*	—*	CT	20 mins	CT	N	Uneventful
	Cryotherapy [43]	50	M	CT	24 hours	CT	N	Expired (portal vein thrombosis and sepsis)
	Endoscopy or related procedure [40, 44]	26	F	CT	24 hours	XR	N	Uneventful
	Endoscopy or related procedure [40, 44]	76	M	CT	2 days	CT	N	Uneventful
	Endoscopic balloon dilatation [45]	31	M	CT	5 days	CT	N	Uneventful
	Esophageal variceal band ligation or endoscopic sclerotherapy [46]	77	F	CT	3 days	CT	N	Uneventful
	Linton probe insertion [47]	54	M	CT	24 hours	CT	N	Uneventful
	Barium enema [48]	86	M	CT	3 days	CT	N	Uneventful
	Oxygen peroxide enema [36]	31	M	CT	48 hours	CT	N	Uneventful
	Lumbar puncture [49]	19	F	Ultrasound	4 days	CT	N	Uneventful
	Intra-aortic balloon pulsation [50]	49	—	CT	2 days	Ultrasound	N	Uneventful
	Pancreaticoduodenectomy [51]	63	M	CT	CT: 18 days; ultrasound: 22 days	CT, ultrasound	N	Uneventful
	Resuscitation [52]	25	M	CT	24 hours	CT	N	Uneventful

CT: computed tomography; EUS: endoscopic ultrasound.
—: not mentioned in the literature.
*25 cases were reported.