Review Article

Impact of Salmonella enterica Type III Secretion System Effectors on the Eukaryotic Host Cell

Table 1

List of known Salmonella type III secretion system effectors.

EffectorLocalizationT3SSActivityCellular targetsPathway/cellular process

AvrASPI11Acetyltransferase
Deubiquitinase
-catenin, ERK2, I B , MKK4, MKK7, p53Antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory
CigRSPI32
GogBGifsy-12FBXO22Anti-inflammatory
GtgAGifsy-22
GtgEGifsy-21/2ProteasePrevents recruitment of Rab29
PipBSPI52
PipB21/2KLC (kinesin light chain)SIF extension
SifA2GEFRab7, RhoA, SKIPSIF, SIST, SCV formation
SifB2GEF
SipA/SspASPI11Caspase-3, F-actin, T-plastinActin assembly, disruption of tight junctions, PMN migration, SCV positioning
SipBSPI11Caspase-1Pyroptosis
SipC/SspCSPI11Cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 18, Exo70,
F-actin, syntaxin 6
Actin nucleation, SCV maturation
SipD/SspDSPI11
SlrP1/2E3 ubiquitin ligaseERdj3, TrxApoptosis
SopA1E3 ubiquitin ligaseCaspase-3, HsRMA1, UbcH7Invasion, escape from SCV, PMN migration
SopB/SigDSPI51Phosphoinositide phosphatase/GDICdc24, Cdc42Invasion, nuclear responses, SCV maturation, fluid secretion
SopD1/2Invasion, inflammation, fluid secretion
SopD22Inhibition of LNT formation
SopESopE 1GEFCdc42, Rab5, Rac1Actin remodeling, inflammation
SopE2Phage remnant1GEFCdc42, Rac1Actin remodeling, inflammation
SpiC/SsaBSPI22Hook3, TassCInhibition of fusion of SCV with lysosomes
SptPSPI11GAP
Tyrosine phosphatase
Cdc42, Rac1, VCP, vimentinReversion of actin reorganization, inhibition of ERK activation
SpvBPlasmid2Actin ribosyltransferaseG-actinActin depolymerization, delayed cytotoxicity
SpvCPlasmid1/2Phosphothreonine lyaseERK2Inactivation of MAPK
SpvDPlasmid1/2
SrfJIol island2
SseBSPI22
SseCSPI22
SseDSPI22
SseFSPI22Junction plakoglobin, TIP60SIF formation, SCV positioning
SseGSPI22Caprin-1, desmoplakinSIF formation, SCV positioning
SseI/SrfHGifsy-22Filamin A, IQGAP1, TRIP6Modulation of host cell migration
SseJ2AcyltransferaseRhoA, RhoCDynamics of the SCV
SseK12
SseK22
SseK3Phage ST64B2
SseL2DeubiquitinaseI B , OSBP-1, talin, ubiquitinAutophagy
SspH1Gifsy-31/2E3 ubiquitin ligasePKN1
SspH2Phage remnant2E3 ubiquitin ligase14-3-3 , AIP, BAG2, Bub3, Filamin A,
Profilin-1, Sgt1, UbcH5-Ub
SteA1/2
SteB2
SteC2KinaseActin meshwork
SteD2
SteEGifsy-31/2