Research Article
Addiction and the Utilization of Medical Care
Table 4
Estimation results of addictive factors on outpatient service utilization.
(a) Likelihood of outpatient services () |
| | Model 1a | Model 2b | | Odds ratio | Standard error | Odds ratio | Standard error |
| DD | 0.505*** | 0.080 | 0.743+ | 0.122 | SM | 0.936 | 0.171 | 1.125 | 0.211 | CBN | 0.425*** | 0.046 | 0.635*** | 0.074 | | 2.105 | 2.148 | 3.078 | 3.158 | | 0.326*** | 0.051 | 0.500*** | 0.083 | | 1.516 | 1.558 | 2.069 | 2.139 | No addictive factors | Reference category | Reference category |
|
|
(b) Frequency of outpatient visits () |
| | Model 1a | Model 2b | | Coefficient | Standard error | Coefficient | Standard error |
| DD | −0.187** | 0.060 | −0.141*** | 0.055 | SM | 0.393*** | 0.052 | 0.310*** | 0.047 | CBN | −0.086* | 0.043 | −0.074+ | 0.040 | | 0.099 | 0.200 | 0.045 | 0.180 | | −0.281*** | 0.072 | −0.308*** | 0.066 | | 0.160 | 0.235 | 0.049 | 0.211 | No addictive factors | Reference category | Reference category |
|
|
DD: deep drunk; SM: smoking cigarettes; CBN: chewing betel nut.
***
, **, *, +
aUnadjusted model.
bFully adjusted model controlling for socio-demographic, health status, and geographical factors.
|