International Scholarly Research Notices

Review Article

The Food Additive Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (E-476): Structure, Applications, and Production Methods

Table 5

Lipases tested to catalyze the enzymatic production of PGPR [64].


	Enzyme	Source	Activity (U/mg solid) (as declared by the manufacturer)	Added amount (mg)

Basic kit	1	Aspergillus sp.	0.20⁽¹⁾	100
	2	Candida antarctica	2.9⁽²⁾	50
	3	Candida cylindracea	3.85⁽²⁾	1000
	4	Mucor miehei	1.4⁽²⁾	100
	5	Pseudomonas cepacia	46.2⁽²⁾	100
	6	Pseudomonas fluorescens	36⁽²⁾	50
	7	Rhizopus arrhizus	9.18⁽³⁾	500
	8	Rhizopus niveus	1.7⁽⁴⁾	1000
	9	Porcine pancreas	20.6⁽⁵⁾	1000

Extension kit	10	Aspergillus oryzae	48⁽²⁾	100
	11	Candida lipolytica	0.0011⁽²⁾	1000
	12	Mucor javanicus	11.6⁽⁵⁾	500
	13	Penicillium roqueforti	0.65⁽⁵⁾	500
	14	Pseudomonas fluorescens	309⁽²⁾	50
	15	Rhizomucor miehei recombinant from Aspergillus oryzae	0.51⁽²⁾	50
	16	Wheat germ	0.1⁽¹⁾	500
	17	Chromobacterium viscosum	2711⁽²⁾	25
	18	Pseudomonas sp.	2324⁽²⁾	10
	19	Pseudomonas sp. (Type B)	256⁽⁶⁾	50

	20	Rhizopus oryzae	58.4⁽⁷⁾	500

1 unit corresponds to the amount of enzyme which liberates 1 μmol acetic acid per minute at pH 7.4 and 40°C, using triacetin as substrate.
⁽²⁾1 unit corresponds to the amount of enzyme which liberates 1 μmol oleic acid per minute at pH 8.0 and 40°C, using triolein as substrate.
⁽³⁾1 unit corresponds to the amount of enzyme which liberates 1 μmol butyric acid per minute at pH 8.0 and 40°C, using tributyrin as substrate.
⁽⁴⁾1 unit corresponds to the amount of enzyme which liberates 1 μmol fatty acid from a triglyceride per minute at pH 7.7 and 37°C, using olive oil as substrate.
⁽⁵⁾As ⁽⁴⁾ but at pH 8.0.
⁽⁶⁾1 unit corresponds to the amount of enzyme which liberates 1 μmol oleic acid per minute at pH 8.0 and 37°C, using cholesteryl oleat as substrate.
⁽⁷⁾As ⁽⁴⁾ but at pH 7.2.