Journal of Biomarkers / 2013 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Neopterin in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases Table 1 Applications of neopterin measurements for monitoring of treatment response in infectious diseases.
Infection Treatment Type of sample Change in neopterin levels observed Reference Human immunodeficiency virus Reverse transcriptase inhibitors and highly active antiretroviral treatment Blood, cerebrospinal fluid Mean of 15.6 ng/mL for treated versus a mean of 22.3 for untreated HIV patients [12 , 22 , 29 –37 ] Hepatitis C virus Pegylated interferon combined with ribavirin Blood The rate of response was twofold higher among patients with pretreatment neopterin levels <16 nmol/L than in patients with levels ≥16 nmol/L [38 ] Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antituberculotic treatment Blood, urine Levels declined on twice weekly measurements in all monitored patients with pulmonary tuberculosis on treatment and fell to below tolerance limits within 10 weeks of treatment in 6/10 patients [39 –41 ] Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Urine When clinical disease resolved within 3–7 days of treatment, neopterin levels normalized rapidly [42 ] Schistosoma mansoni Praziquantel Blood Serum levels normalized on treatment [43 , 44 ]