A Survey of Organ Equivalent and Effective Doses from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures
Table 1
(a) Summary of patients’ characteristics and examination technique parameters from conventional radiograph examinations, and (b) summary of patients’ characteristics and examination technique parameters from computed tomography examinations.
(a)
Patient age
Number of patients
AP thickness
Examination technique parameters
Projection
Examination
(years)
(cm)
kVp
mAs
Range
Mean
Total
Male
Female
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
AP
Abdomen
25–89
60.5
31
19
12
11–43
23.3
65–90
87.6
10–121
34.4
AP
Cervical spine
16–61
37.7
3
2
1
7–16
11.7
70–80
73.3
4.4–37.7
20.4
Lateral
Cervical spine
16–61
37.0
5
4
1
8–16
13.9
70–80
74.0
7.3–39.6
24.5
Cervical spine
*
16–61
37.3
8
6
2
7–16
13.1
70–80
73.8
4.4–39.6
23.0
Lateral
Chest
15–88
59.8
85
46
39
14–44
32.4
57–138
119.6
3.2–97
34.1
PA
Chest
15–88
60.1
76
38
38
11–38
24.6
70–129
119.1
1.14–18
5.4
Chest
*
15–88
60.0
161
84
77
11–44
28.7
57–138
119.4
1.14–97
20.5
Lateral
Head
40–80
57.6
5
5
0
15.5–17
16.2
70–80
72.8
11.7–53
23.3
PA
Head
40–80
54.2
5
4
1
16–24
20.6
76–120
86.4
10.4–64.7
40.2
Head
*
40–80
55.9
10
9
1
15.5–24
18.4
70–120
79.6
10.4–64.7
31.8
AP
Hip
45–85
63.9
30
10
20
11–34
19.7
73–96
84.6
6–64
19.2
AP
Lumbar spine
14–84
56.6
22
6
16
18–33
27.0
80–110
87.4
12.3–187
90.1
Lateral
Lumbar spine
14–84
59.2
29
8
21
24–43
33.6
90–110
97.3
27.7–243
108.5
Oblique
Lumbar spine
14–76
54.2
12
4
8
18–31
24.7
80–90
82.2
13.6–83.4
54.5
Lumbar spine
*
14–84
57.3
63
18
45
18–43
29.6
80–110
91.0
12.3–243
91.8
AP
Pelvis
14–86
64.5
24
12
12
14–32
21.1
80–103
85.9
6.3–97.2
30.9
AP
Shoulder
80–84
82.2
6
6
0
16–21
17.7
76–76
76.0
3.6–19.9
7.8
AP
Thoracic spine
58–68
62.3
3
1
2
21–32
27.7
70–75
71.7
27–89
58.3
Lateral
Thoracic spine
58–68
63.0
2
0
2
30–32
31.0
75–75
75.0
36–36
36.0
Thoracic spine
*
58–68
62.6
5
1
4
21–32
29.0
70–75
73.0
27–89
49.4
Total
14–89
60.0
338
165
173
—
—
—
—
—
—
*Values are the results of all the various projections of the examination.
(b)
Examination
Patient age (years)
No of patients
Mean mAs
Scan length (cm)
Range
Mean
Male
Female
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
Abdomen and pelvis
21–87
51.3
9
11
70–333.4
187.3
37.4–51.6
46.7
Adults
Chest
38–89
67.2
10
10
64.9–312.6
156.1
25.7–34.3
30.8
Head
15–92
60.3
9
11
194.0–359.1
305.2
13.5–16.1
14.3
Total*
21–92
59.6
28
32
—
—
—
—
Abdomen and pelvis
2–9
5.2
10
2
20.7–52.1
26.6
24.8–37.0
28.8
Pediatrics
Chest
1–8
3.8
4
7
20.0–33.6
22.9
12.6–21.8
16.2
Head
1–9
3.9
9
2
84.0–192.0
128.4
9.6–14.8
12.8
Total*
1–9
4.3
23
11
—
—
—
—
*Values are the results of all the various projections of the examination.
