Research Article
Recovery of Value-Added Products from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge
Table 1
Chemical characteristics and properties of dried sewage sludge and its hydrochars from HTC at 200°C and 1–6 h.
| | | Sewage sludge | H-1 | H-2 | H-4 | H-6 |
| | Yield (% w/w) | — | | | | |
| | Elemental analysis (%) | | | | | | | C | 49.3 | 57.6 | 56.1 | 58.1 | 57.1 | | H | 7.0 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.8 | | N | 8.4 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.5 | | O | 34.0 | 32.6 | 31.0 | 30.2 | 29.6 | | S | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| | Proximate analysis (%) | | | | | | | Ash | 40.0 | 50.6 | 49.7 | 48.7 | 48.4 | | Volatile matter | 51.5 | 39.8 | 37.9 | 37.4 | 37.2 | | Fixed carbon | 8.6 | 9.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 14.2 |
| | HHV (MJ/kg) | 20.6 | 22.8 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 23.7 | | Energy densification | — | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.15 | | Energy recovery (%) | — | 91.3 | 90.1 | 88.7 | 85.4 |
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