International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Racial Disparity in the Associations of Microalbuminuria and Macroalbuminuria with Odds of Hypertension: Results from the NHANES Study in the United States

Table 2

Odds ratios of hypertension associated with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria by race among participants in NHANES 1999–2008, United States.


Characteristics	Odds ratios (95% confidence interval)
Characteristics	Non-Hispanic Whites	Non-Hispanic Blacks	Hispanics	Overall

Model I
Microalbuminuria	2.89 (2.54, 3.29)^‡	3.88 (3.16, 4.76)^‡	4.03 (3.14, 5.17)^‡	3.08 (2.79, 3.40)^‡
Macroalbuminuria	11.21 (7.09, 17.72)^‡	14.74 (8.47, 25.66)^‡	8.85 (5.78, 13.56)^‡	10.52 (7.98, 13.87)^‡
Model II
Microalbuminuria	1.72 (1.45, 2.05)^‡	2.55 (1.99, 3.28)^‡	3.12 (2.28, 4.26)^‡	2.03 (1.79, 2.31)^‡
Macroalbuminuria	6.28 (3.73, 10.56)^‡	10.34 (5.61, 19.08)^‡	6.00 (3.05, 11.80)^‡	7.08 (5.01, 10.00)^‡
Model III
Microalbuminuria	1.70 (1.42, 2.03)^‡	2.52 (1.96, 3.24)^‡	3.16 (2.25, 4.46)^‡	2.00 (1.75, 2.29)^‡
Macroalbuminuria	5.91 (3.46, 10.12)^‡	10.15 (5.47, 18.83)^‡	5.65 (2.83, 11.28)^‡	6.72 (4.72, 9.55)^‡
Model IV
Microalbuminuria	1.54 (1.27, 1.86)^‡	2.32 (1.75, 3.05)^‡	3.01 (2.15, 4.21)^‡	1.81 (1.57, 2.08)^‡
Macroalbuminuria	4.92 (2.55, 9.50)^‡	13.05 (5.57, 30.54)^‡	4.92 (2.57, 9.44)^‡	5.99 (3.89, 9.20)^‡
Model V
Microalbuminuria	1.45 (1.17, 1.80)^†	2.07 (1.52, 2.83)^‡	2.81 (2.06, 3.84)^‡	1.69 (1.43, 1.98)^‡
Macroalbuminuria	4.08 (1.98, 8.38)^‡	8.62 (3.84, 19.35)^‡	4.43 (2.13, 9.21)^‡	5.00 (3.09, 8.10)^‡

Note: odds ratios of hypertension were obtained by conducting weighted multiple logistic regression models. Model I: a crude model only adjusted for survey cycle; Model II: adjusted for survey cycle, age, gender, and education; Model III: Model II plus family poverty index ratio; Model IV: Model III plus body mass index and smoking status; Model V: Model IV plus diabetes mellitus, serum cholesterol, and standardized estimated glomerular filtration rate.
P < 0.0001, P < 0.01.