Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Related Risk Factors in Elderly of Southern Iran: A Population-Based Study
Table 1
Demographic characteritics of participants with chronic kidney diseases according to their stages.
Variables
CKD stages†
0 to II (%)
III to V (%)
P-value
Total (%)
()
()
()
Age (mean ± SD)
<0.001
Age groups (years)
60 to 69
537 (65.6)
204 (55.0)
0.002
741 (62.3)
70 to 79
231 (28.2)
133 (35.8)
364 (30.6)
≥80
51 (6.2)
34 (9.2)
85 (7.1)
Sex
Male
400 (48.8)
81 (21.8)
<0.001
481 (40.4)
Female
419 (51.2)
290 (78.2)
709 (59.6)
Occupation
Governmental
17 (2.1)
6 (1.6)
23 (1.9)
Housekeeper
263 (32.1)
204 (55.0)
<0.001
467 (39.2)
Farmer
109 (13.3)
20 (5.4)
129 (10.8)
Self-employed
149 (18.2)
38 (10.2)
187 (15.7)
Industrial
1 (0.1)
1 (0.3)
2 (0.2)
Others
37 (4.5)
37 (10.0)
155 (13.1)
Missing
243 (29.7)
65 (17.5)
227 (19.1)
Education
Under diploma
564 (68.9)
279 (75.2)
0.05
843 (70.9)
Diploma and associated degree
62 (7.6)
23 (6.2)
85 (7.1)
Bachelor and higher
14 (1.7)
1 (0.3)
15 (1.3)
Missing
179 (21.8)
68 (18.3)
247 (20.7)
BMI‡
Under 18.5
23 (2.8)
6 (1.6)
<0.001
29 (2.4)
18.6 to 25
316 (38.6)
112 (30.2)
428 (36.0)
Up to 26
298 (36.4)
184 (49.6)
482 (40.5)
Missing
182 (22.2)
69 (18.6)
251 (21.1)
Hypertension*
No
551 (67.3)
187 (50.4)
<0.001
738 (62.0)
Yes
268 (32.7)
184 (49.6)
452 (38.0)
CKD classified into 5 stages; stage 0: eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 , no proteinuria, and normal kidney function; stage 1: eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 with evidence of kidney damage; stage 2: eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 , mild decrease in GFR; stage 3: eGFR 30–59 mL/min/1.73 , moderate decrease in GFR; stage 4: eGFR 15–29 mL/min/1.73 , severe decrease in GFR; and stage 5: eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 or in dialysis, kidney failure. Body mass index was defined as weight (in kilograms) and height (in meters), which was categorized as 3 groups of <18.5 kg/, 18.5 to 24.9 kg/, and ≥25 kg/.
*Hypertension was defined as SBP >130 mmHg, DBP >80mmHg, or those who had a positive history of hypertension and were receiving antihypertensive drugs.
