International Scholarly Research Notices

Clinical Study

Phonological Fluency Strategy of Switching Differentiates Relapsing-Remitting and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Table 1

Verbal fluency performance for healthy and multiple sclerosis groups—M (SD).
 Healthy group ( )MS group ( )RRMS subgroup ( )SPMS subgroup ( )P
Variable      
Semantic fluency     
 Word 51.09 (9.44)43.72 (10.57)44.13 (10.23)41.93 (12.16)**1 
**2 
*3
 Related words (clusters)9.38 (4.49)9.93 (2.93)9.83 (2.83)9.36 (3.43) 
  29.46 (9.03)25.27 (7.10)25.57 (7.05)24.00 (7.47)*1 
*2 
*3
Phonological fluency     
Word 35.53 (9.84)27.54 (12.26)28.60 (11.34)23.00 (11.22)**1 
*2 
*3
Related words (clusters 2.24 (1.55)4.39 (2.89)4.45 (3.02)4.14 (2.31)**1 
*2 
*3
29.22 (8.60)19.27 (9.57)20.50 (9.78)14.00 (6.59)**1 
**2 
**3 
*4
MS: multiple sclerosis group (as a single RRMS and SPMS group); RRMS: relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis subgroup; SPMS: secondary progressive multiple sclerosis subgroup; Healthy group: healthy control group.
* P < 0.05.
** P < 0.001.
Healthy versus MS (as a single RRMS and SPMS group)1; Healthy versus RRMS2; Healthy versus SPMS3; RRMS versus SPMS4.