Research Article
Analysis and Design of Digital IIR Integrators and Differentiators Using Minimax and Pole, Zero, and Constant Optimization Methods
Figure 3
Percentage absolute relative error response of designed integrators; , , and , Ngo integrator [6], Gupta et al. 1 integrator [8], Gupta et al. 2 integrator [9], Gupta et al. 3 integrator [10], Al-Alaoui integrator [15], and Upadhyay and Singh integrator [16].
