Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Table 1
Characteristics of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and controls.
Characteristics
Patients with PPS ()
Patients with MS ()
Controls ()
P value
Sex, F/M, number
21/4
21/4
21/4
>.05
Age, years
55 (11.8)
54 (10.3)
54 (9.4)
>.05
Educational level
12 (4.2)
12 (2.2)
12 (3.3)
>.05
Disease duration
15.5 (13.8)
18.0 (9.0)
NA
>.05
EDSS
1.1 (2.1)
3.6 (1.6)
NA
<0.0001
Patients with the presence of anti-SS-A antibodies
8
NA
NA
NA
Patients with a positive Schirmer test
19
NA
NA
NA
Patients with abnormal biopsy of minor salivary gland
20
NA
NA
NA
Grade III
9
NA
NA
NA
Grade IV
11
NA
NA
NA
Patients with ocular and oral dryness
24
NA
NA
NA
Patients with immunomodulatory treatment
11
7
NA
>.05
Patients with immunosuppressive treatment
14
15
NA
>.05
Patient without any treatment
5
3
NA
>.05
Subjects with psychoactive drugs
7
8
6
>.05
EDSS: expanded disability status scale; Disease duration: for PSS, the beginning of the disease was considered as the beginning of the sicca syndrome; for MS patients, the beginning of the disease was considered as the first relapse; PSS: primary Sjögren’s syndrome; MS: multiple sclerosis; NA: not applicable, NT: not tested. Chisholm and Mason classification (grading from I to IV) was used for the histological analysis of minor salivary glands. Numbers shown are means (standard deviation).
