International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Assessment of Malnutrition in Community Chinese Elderly: A Hidden Problem in a Developed Society

Table 3

Median (IQR) nutrient intakes in female participants.


Nutrient per day	Median (IQR)	Recommended intakes	Percentage meeting the recommendation	Tolerable upper intake levels	Percentage over the upper intake

Vitamin A (μg)	923.56 (669.18, 1,266.28)	700^a	71.66%	3000^a	2.30%
Vitamin B1 (mg)	0.77 (0.58, 1.01)	1.1^b	17.78%
Vitamin B2 (mg)	0.82 (0.60, 1.11)	1.1^b	26.14%
Vitamin B3/niacin (mg)	10.48 (8.08, 14.73)	14^b	27.74%	35^b	6.01%
Vitamin C (mg)	140.84 (101.17, 187.45)	75^c	88.03%	2000^c	0%
Vitamin D (μg)	0.19 (0.08, 0.38)	10^d	0%	50^d	0%
Calcium (mg)	527.55 (376.39, 713.50)	1200^d	2.70%	2500^d	0%
Phosphorous (mg)	886.05 (683.21, 1,167.16)	700^d	73.01%	3000^d	0.10%
Iron (mg)	11.66 (9.19, 15.30)	8^a	84.58%	45^a	0.30%
Zinc (mg)	7.38 (5.91, 9.27)	8^a	40.31%	40^a	0%
Iodine (μg)	0.36 (0.10, 5.53)	150^a	0%	1100^a	0%
Copper (μg)	0.07 (0.04, 0.14)	900^a	0%	10000^a	0%
Total energy (Kcal)	1,504.03 (1,262.64, 1,843.71)	1900/1810^e	23.08%
Protein (g)	60.50 (46.44, 77.45)	46^f	75.81%
Protein (g)/ body weight (kg)	1.12 (0.85, 1.47)	0.8^f	79.07%
Protein % of total energy	15.97 (13.72, 18.41)			35^f	0.15%
Carbohydrate (g)	216.63 (180.31, 261.49)	130^f	95.29%
Fruit (g)	212.89 (148.19, 315.74)	300^g	28.14%
Vegetable (g)	207.42 (147.10, 288.72)	240^g	37.56%
Meat (g)	104.36 (69.53, 152.35)	160^g	27.69%
Fibre (g)	8.01 (5.89, 10.58)	16^g	6.11%
Cholesterol (mg)	133.71 (89.15, 190.70)			300^h	6.21%
Fat % of total energy	26.75 (23.50, 30.74)			30^h	28.99%
Saturated fatty acid % of total energy	5.92 (4.96, 7.02)			10^h	2.40%
Monounsaturated fatty acid % of total energy	9.92 (8.40, 11.89)			12^h	23.69%
Polyunsaturated fatty acid % of total energy	6.96 (5.78, 8.52)			6^h	70.11%

^aDietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc, Jan 9, 2001.
^bDietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline, Jun 12, 2000.
^cDietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids, Aug 3, 2000.
^dDietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride, Jan 1, 1997.
^e1900 for age 65–74, 1810 for age over 74, Dietary Reference Values for Food, Energy and Nutrients for United Kingdom, 1991.
^fDietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids, Sep 5, 2002.
Note: The reports for references a–f may be accessed via http://www.nap.edu/. Copyright 2002 by The National Academies. All rights reserved.
^gEat Smart! Follow the Food Pyramid!, Central Health Education Unit of the Department of Health, Hong Kong, 2005.
^hFats and oils in human nutrition, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization Rome, 19–26 October 1993.