Research Article

Rethinking Petroleum Products Certification

Table 2

Some critical technical requirements for an ILBC-based operation model.

DisciplineItemPrerequisite

AnalyticalASTM analyzersReliability
On-line analyzersRobustness
Sample condition system
Redundancy with on-line ASTM analyzers
SamplingSampling conditioning systems (on-line measurements)
Automated composite sampling
LaboratoryLaboratory NIR spectrometer
Reference materials/protofuels
Spectral database (protofuels, streams, and additives)

Information
technology
Real-time databaseProcess streams data storage (extensive/intensive properties)
Discrete and continuous plant data storage (e.g., on/off flows, tank heels)
Off-line databaseProcess configuration (e.g., equipment operational limits)

Process engineeringSystem designAllowing for redundant measurements
Process modeling and controlReliable inferences to noncritical product qualities
MPC regarding feed forward on components blend indices
Blending RTO technology
Ratio control including fall-back strategies
Oil movement systemIntegration to refinery production scheduling
Automated plant operation management
(i) Tanks: swings, heel qualities, and stratification detection
(ii) Line ups: flushing, valve position, and pipe quality tracking
Data validationReal-time data reconciliation on flows
On-line analyzer data validation on ASTM analyzers