Optimization of Electroless Ni-P-W Coatings for Minimum Friction and Wear Using Grey-Taguchi Method

<table class="table-group" id="tab8"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Source</td><td align="center">Degree of freedom</td><td align="center">Sum of square</td><td align="center">Mean of square</td><td align="center"><svg height="11.175" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.7 11.175" width="10.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5
t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path></g>
</svg>-ratio</td><td align="center">% contribution</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Load</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">0.105025</td><td align="center">0.052513</td><td align="center">14.67*</td><td align="center">18.51</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Speed</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">0.077586</td><td align="center">0.038793</td><td align="center">10.84*</td><td align="center">13.67</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Time</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">0.147818</td><td align="center">0.073909</td><td align="center">20.65*</td><td align="center">26.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Load * speed</td><td align="center">4</td><td align="center">0.194203</td><td align="center">0.048551</td><td align="center">13.57*</td><td align="center">34.23</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Load * time</td><td align="center">4</td><td align="center">0.007265</td><td align="center">0.001816</td><td align="center">0.51</td><td align="center">1.28</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Speed * time</td><td align="center">4</td><td align="center">0.006837</td><td align="center">0.001709</td><td align="center">0.48</td><td align="center">1.21</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Error</td><td align="center">8</td><td align="center">0.028627</td><td align="center">0.003578</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">5.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Total</td><td align="center">26</td><td align="center">0.567361</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">100</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><svg height="13.75" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.7375002 13.75" width="7.7375002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,.062,5.525)"><path d="M471 153q-22 -15 -61 -13q-25 31 -45.5 49.5t-56.5 41.5q4 -71 28 -134q-17 -33 -42 -46q-24 12 -42 46q24 63 28 134q-36 -23 -56.5 -41.5t-45.5 -49.5q-36 -2 -61 13q0 28 19 59q65 10 130 43q-65 33 -130 43q-19 31 -19 59q22 15 61 13q25 -31 45.5 -49.5t56.5 -41.5
q-4 71 -28 134q17 33 42 46q24 -12 42 -46q-24 -63 -28 -134q36 23 56.5 41.5t45.5 49.5q36 2 61 -13q0 -28 -19 -59q-65 -10 -130 -43q65 -33 130 -43q19 -31 19 -59z" id="x2217"></path></g>
</svg>Significant at 99% confidence level.<br/></td></tr></table>

Results of ANOVA for grey relational grade.

Journal of Coatings

tab8

Table 8

Table 8: Optimization of Electroless Ni-P-W Coatings for Minimum Friction and Wear Using Grey-Taguchi Method 