Review Article
Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin
Table 4
The putative anticarcinogenic effects of metformin.
| (1) Activation of LKB1/AMPK pathway | | (2) Induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis | | (3) Inhibition of protein synthesis | | (4) Reduction in circulating insulin levels | | (5) Activation of the immune system | | (6) Eradication of cancer stem cells | | (7) Reduced IGF1, insulin, and HER2-mediated signaling | | (8) Inhibition of angiogenesis | |
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AMPK: adenosine monophosphate kinase. LKB1: liver kinase B1. IGF1: insulin-like growth factor 1. HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.
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