Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">(1) Activation of LKB<sub>1</sub>/AMPK pathway</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">(2) Induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">(3) Inhibition of protein synthesis </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">(4) Reduction in circulating insulin levels </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">(5) Activation of the immune system </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">(6) Eradication of cancer stem cells</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">(7) Reduced IGF1, insulin, and HER2-mediated signaling</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">(8) Inhibition of angiogenesis</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td>AMPK: adenosine monophosphate kinase.<br/>LKB<sub>1</sub>: liver kinase B<sub>1</sub>.<br/>IGF1: insulin-like growth factor 1.<br/>HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.<br/></td></tr></table>

The putative anticarcinogenic effects of metformin.

International Scholarly Research Notices

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Table 4

Table 4: Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin 