Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology

Review Article

Depression and Cardiac Disease: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Diagnosis

Table 2

Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) [24]^†.


Over the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following?

		Not at all	Several days	More than half the days	Nearly every day

Little interest or pleasure in doing things		0	1	2	3
Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless		0	1	2	3
Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping too much		0	1	2	3
Feeling tired or having little energy		0	1	2	3
Poor appetite or overeating		0	1	2	3
Feeling bad about yourself or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down		0	1	2	3
Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television		0	1	2	3
Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed. Or the opposite—being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual		0	1	2	3
Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way.		0	1	2	3

If you checked off any problems, how difficult have these problems made it for you to do your work, take care of things at home, or get along with other people?

Not difficult at all □	Somewhat difficult □	Very difficult □		Extremely difficult □

Total score = sum of 9 items.
^†The PHQ-9 was developed by Drs. Robert L. Spitzer, Janet B.W. Williams, Kurt Kroenke, and colleagues, with an educational grant from Pfizer Inc. PHQ9 Copyright © Pfizer Inc. All rights are reserved.