International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Examination of the Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Xenobiotic-Inducing Potential of Broccoli Extract and Various Essential Oils during a Mild DSS-Induced Colitis in Rats

Table 10

Effects of feeding broccoli extract and various essential oils on relative mRNA expression of Nrf2, Keap1, and various ARE-regulated enzymes in colon of DSS-treated rats compared to an untreated control. Values are means ± SEM and represent relative mRNA concentrations as -fold of group Con = 1. Different small letters in a row indicate significant differences between means ( ≤ 0.05). in phase 1, in phase 2 and phase 3.


Colon		Experimental group
Gene	Period	Con		DSS		BE		Cuo		To		Ro
Gene		MW	SEM	MW	SEM	MW	SEM	MW	SEM	MW	SEM	MW	SEM

	Phase 1	1.00	0.21	—	—	1.00	0.07	1.31	0.16	1.26	0.19	1.23	0.11
Nrf2	Phase 2	1.00^a	0.13	0.53^bc	0.09	0.51^bc	0.07	0.63^ab	0.08	0.36^c	0.07	0.58^bc	0.11
	Phase 3	1.00	0.28	0.86	0.16	0.89	0.10	1.13	0.13	1.10	0.13	0.69	0.08
	Phase 1	1.00^ab	0.44	—	—	0.51^a	0.13	1.04^ab	0.12	0.87^ab	0.21	2.44^b	1.29
Keap1	Phase 2	1.00	0.16	0.93	0.15	1.02	0.18	0.81	0.11	0.67	0.10	0.86	0.09
	Phase 3	1.00	0.19	1.06	0.23	0.69	0.05	1.02	0.29	0.98	0.13	1.43	0.36
	Phase 1	1.00	0.47	—	—	0.48	0.09	1.09	0.35	0.85	0.18	1.40	0.48
HO1	Phase 2	1.00^ab	0.23	1.71^a	0.33	1.46^ab	0.20	1.33^ab	0.36	0.96^ab	0.28	0.94^b	0.29
	Phase 3	1.00^a	0.17	1.28^a	0.13	0.99^a	0.09	1.01^a	0.18	1.97^b	0.29	1.04^a	0.19
	Phase 1	1.00	0.23	—	—	0.54	0.07	0.56	0.13	0.91	0.14	1.05	0.46
NQO1	Phase 2	1.00^ab	0.26	1.57^a	0.52	0.94^ab	0.13	0.85^ab	0.12	0.59^b	0.15	0.84^ab	0.15
	Phase 3	1.00	0.21	1.31	0.36	1.17	0.14	1.10	0.37	2.17	0.44	2.41	1.05
	Phase 1	1.00^a	0.03	—	—	0.74^b	0.09	0.94^ab	0.09	0.95^ab	0.08	0.78^ab	0.12
SOD1	Phase 2	1.00	0.12	1.08	0.19	0.80	0.06	1.05	0.12	0.76	0.17	0.92	0.17
	Phase 3	1.00	0.19	1.07	0.09	0.98	0.07	1.04	0.11	1.04	0.07	0.90	0.13
	Phase 1	1.00^ab	0.29	—	—	0.56^a	0.05	0.95^ab	0.23	0.61^a	0.11	1.43^b	0.34
GPx2	Phase 2	1.00^a	0.25	1.49^ab	0.40	1.16^ab	0.30	2.36^b	0.51	1.73^ab	0.45	1.94^ab	0.86
	Phase 3	1.00^a	0.11	0.33^b	0.06	0.40^b	0.05	0.46^b	0.12	0.40^b	0.11	0.27^b	0.04
	Phase 1	1.00^a	0.18	—	—	0.52^b	0.11	1.19^ac	0.12	0.90^a	0.13	1.88^c	0.45
GSTK1	Phase 2	1.00^a	0.08	0.70^ab	0.15	0.75^ab	0.11	0.90^ab	0.16	0.53^b	0.11	0.55^b	0.11
	Phase 3	1.00^a	0.05	0.79^ab	0.18	0.60^b	0.08	0.70^b	0.12	0.65^b	0.09	0.51^b	0.05
	Phase 1	1.00^ab	0.14	—	—	0.65^a	0.13	1.16^bc	0.20	0.84^ab	0.14	1.64^c	0.21
GSTP1	Phase 2	1.00^a	0.08	0.91^a	0.21	0.70^a	0.12	0.72^a	0.09	0.44^b	0.16	0.66^a	0.06
	Phase 3	1.00^a	0.07	0.47^b	0.05	0.68^b	0.09	0.68^b	0.09	0.63^b	0.11	0.51^b	0.08
	Phase 1	1.00^ab	0.08	—	—	0.65^a	0.24	1.60^b	0.21	0.96^a	0.21	1.58^b	0.18
GSTT2	Phase 2	1.00^a	0.12	0.60^b	0.10	0.43^b	0.07	0.55^b	0.09	0.41^b	0.11	0.49^b	0.10
	Phase 3	1.00	0.08	2.14	0.40	1.04	0.08	1.13	0.18	1.75	0.24	2.69	0.96