Irregular Meal Timing Is Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastritis
Table 3
Relationship between deviation from regular meals by frequency per week and Helicobacter pylori infection with gastritis and gastritis.
Frequency of meal deviation per week
Control Count (%)
HP + Gastritis (Group A) Count (%)
Gastritis (Group B) Count (%)
Group A versus Control: Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) P value
Group B versus Control: Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) P value
Unadjusted
Adjusted
Unadjusted
Adjusted
0
62 (60.8%)
38 (31.4%)
28 (28%)
OR = 1.0
OR = 1.0
OR = 1.0
OR = 1.0
1
15 (14.7%)
25 (20.66%)
21 (21%)
OR = 2.7 (1.3–5.8) P = 0.01*
OR = 2.9 (1.3–6.5) P = 0.008*
OR = 3.1 (1.40–6.89) P = 0.006*
OR = 2.7 (1.1–6.2) P = 0.023*
≥2
25 (24.51%)
58 (47.93%)
51 (51%)
OR = 3.8 (2.0–7.0) P < 0.001*
OR = 4.4 (2.3–8.7) P < 0.001*
OR = 4.52 (1.1–11.8) P < 0.001*
OR = 3.8 (1.9–7.6) P < 0.001*
HP: Helicobacter pylori, OR: Odds ratio.
#Adjusted for gender, age, stress, and use of probiotics.
*Statistical significance. Note: there were no statistical differences in frequency of meal deviation between groups A and B.
