International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Nanorod-Shaped Basic Catalyzed N,N-Diformylation of Bisuracil Derivatives: A Greener “NOSE” Approach

Table 1

Optimization of the reaction conditions for the N,N-diformylation of 1a (Scheme 1).


Entry	Catalyst	Solvent	Temp. (°C)	Time (h)	Yield (%)^b

1	None	Solvent-free	40	9	NR^c
2	None	Solvent-free	80	9	NR^c
3	None	H₂O	40	12	NR^c
4	None	CH₃CN	40	12	NR^c
5	None	MeOH	40	12	NR^c
6	None	EtOH	40	12	NR^c
7	None	THF	40	12	NR^c
8	None	Toluene	40	12	NR^c
9	None	DMSO	40	12	NR^c
10	None	Xylene	40	12	NR^c
11	None	DMF	40	12	NR^c
12^d	K₂CO₃	Solvent-free	40	12	NR^c
13^d	PPh₃	Solvent-free	40	12	NR^c
14^d	Imidazole	Solvent-free	40	10	Trace
15^d	Nano-Al₂	Solvent-free	40	45 min	70
16^d	Nano-MgO^j	Solvent-free	40	3	34
17^d	Nano-Fe₂	Solvent-free	40	5	12
18^d	Nano-Ti	Solvent-free	40	4	8
19^d	Nano-Al₂	Solvent-free	80	2	43
20^e	Nano-Al₂	Solvent-free	40	3	25
21^f	Nano-Al₂	Solvent-free	40	4	17
22^g	Nano-Al₂	Solvent-free	40	6	8

^aReaction conditions: bisuracil 1a (1 mmol, 0.454 g), formic acid (6 mmol, 0.66 mL), and solvent (5 mL). ^bIsolated yields. ^cNo reaction was observed. ^d7 mol% catalyst was used. ^e5 mol% catalyst was used. ^f3 mol% catalyst was used. ^g10 mol% catalyst was used. ^h1 mol% catalyst was used. ⁱParticles size (17.4–16.4 nm). ^jParticles size (<50 nm). ^kParticles size (12 nm). ^lParticles size (<80 nm).