Korean American Women's Experiences with Smoking and Factors Associated with Their Quit Intentions
Table 1
Demographics and study variables by sample.
Variable
Random (N = 49)
Convenience (N = 45)
All (N = 94)
Mean ± SD/N (%)
Mean ± SD/N (%)
Mean ± SD/N (%)
Age***
53.7 ± 15.7
38.7 ± 12.3
46.6 ± 16.0
Marital status (= married)
20 (40.8%)
27 (60.0%)
47 (50.0%)
Years of education*
11.8 ± 4.2
13.5 ± 3.6
12.6 ± 4.0
Family income
<$20,000
14 (28.6%)
8 (17.8%)
22 (23.4%)
$20,000–$59,999
13 (26.5%)
20 (44.4%)
32 (35.1%)
$60,000–$99,999
9 (18.4%)
13 (28.9%)
22 (23.4%)
≥$100,000
8 (16.3%)
4 (8.9%)
12 (12.8%)
Refused
5 (10.2%)
0 (0.0%)
5 (5.3%)
Employment (= yes)
33 (67.3%)
33 (73.3%)
66 (70.2%)
Health insurance (= yes)
34 (69.4%)
25 (55.6%)
59 (62.8%)
Acculturation (1–5)
2.1 ± 1.0
1.9 ± 0.4
2.0 ± 0.8
Alcohol problems (= yes)
7 (14.3%)
11 (24.4%)
18 (19.1%)
Age at smoking onset†
24.1 ± 8.8
21.3 ± 4.9
22.8 ± 7.3
Nicotine dependence (1–10)
4.0 ± 2.6
3.7 ± 2.0
3.8 ± 2.3
Smoking at home (= yes)
21 (42.9%)
24 (53.3)
45 (47.9%)
Smoking at indoor work place (= yes)a
4 (12.1%)
3 (9.1%)
7 (10.9%)
Past-year quit attempts (= yes)
26 (53.1%)
23 (51.1%)
49 (52.1%)
Number of past-year quit attempts (= yes)b
3.0 ± 2.2
3.2 ± 2.6
3.1 ± 2.4
Stage of quitting
Precontemplation
20 (40.8%)
19 (42.2%)
39 (41.5%)
Contemplation
10 (20.4%)
16 (35.6%)
26 (27.7%)
Preparation
19 (38.8%)
10 (22.2%)
29 (30.8%)
Positive attitudes toward quitting (1–7)
4.2 ± 1.3
4.5 ± 1.2
4.3 ± 1.3
Negative attitudes toward quitting (1–7)
5.3 ± 1.0
5.6 ± 0.9
5.4 ± 1.0
Perceived family norm for quitting (−6–+6)
3.2 ± 2.6
3.1 ± 2.6
3.2 ± 2.6
Perceived friend norm for quitting (−6–+6)
1.3 ± 2.6
1.2 ± 2.8
1.2 ± 2.7
Perceived self-efficacy in quitting (10–50)
28.2 ± 8.0
27.5 ± 9.5
27.9 ± 8.7
Quit Intentions (−3–+3)*
aAssessed only with those (n = 66) who worked at an indoor office, bassessed only with those (n = 49) who made a serious quit attempt in the past year, †P < 0.10, *P < 0.05, and ***P < 0.001.
