International Scholarly Research Notices

Review Article

Japanese Encephalitis Virus Generated Neurovirulence, Antigenicity, and Host Immune Responses

Table 2

Types of vaccines and their categories based on preparation methods.


Type of vaccine	Substrate	Viral strain used	Route of immunization	Dosage	Presentation	Efficacy	Licensed

First generation vaccines
(a) Mouse brain derived inactivated vaccine
Formalin inactivated (JE-Vax)*	Mouse brain	Nakayama or Beijing-1(P1)	Subcutaneous	6 g/0.5 mL for children	Lyophilized	99.99%	Licensed in China

Second generation vaccines
Semple vaccine	Phenolized sheep brain	Beijing strain	Intramuscular	6 g/0.5 mL for children	Lyophilized	70%	Not reliable
IXIARO and IC51**	Inactivated virus strain	SA14-14-2	Intramuscular	6 g/0.5 mL for children	Lyophilized	99.3%	Licensed in USA
Vero cell derived inactivated JE vaccine^!	Inactivated JEV strain (with aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant).	SA14-14-2	Subcutaneous	6 g/0.5 mL for children	Lyophilized	88–96%	Australia and USA
JE vaccine (JE-VC)	inactivated Vero cell culture derived JE vaccine		Subcutaneous	3 g per 0.25 mL dose (half adult dose) for children aged for children ≥3 2			USA
JE vaccine (JE-MB)	Inactivated mouse brain derived JE vaccine		Subcutaneous	6 g per 0.5 mL dose for children < aged 2		85–94%	USA
Cell culture derived live attenuated vaccine	Primary hamster kidney cells	SA14-14-2	Subcutaneous	0.5 mL for children	Lyophilized	99.3%	Under licensing USA
Cell culture derived inactivated vaccine Beijing P-3			Subcutaneous	0.5 mL for children	Lyophilized	76–95%	Under licensing

Third generation vaccines
Genetically engineered
Chimeri Vax-JE	Prepared by inserting four JE virus genes PrM, E, NS1 NS2 into vaccine (NYVAC) or canarypox (ALVAC) viruses		Intramuscular	1.8–5.8 P.F.U	Lyophilized	94%	Not licensed
Repli VAX JE	JEV capsid protein		Intramuscular	5.2–6.8 PFU	Lyophilized	94%	Under trial
^#Live rec. Chimeri Vax-JE	Molecular clones of YFD PrM and E proteins		Subcutaneous	At a dose of 100 to 450 g at an interval of 3 weeks developed			USA and Korea
Peptide vaccines	JEV E protien fused to Johnson grass mosaic virus coat protein Hsp 70 fusion protein		Intracerebral	10 g of peptide sequence	Lyophilized		Under trial

DNA vaccines made by usig structural domain III of E protien along with genetically engineered IL-15 DNA vaccine molecular adjuvant.
*Chimeri Vax-JE vaccine (Acambis/Sanofi pasteur).
**IC51 JE vaccine (Intercell/Novartis/Biological E).
^!In initial phase of licensing in USA, Europe, and Australia.
^#Prepared by using plasmid pcJEME, is based on a commercial vector (pcDNA3).