Research Article
Early Endoscopy Can Shorten the Duration of Hospitalization in Suspected Variceal Hemorrhage
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients in the early and delayed endoscopy groups (suspected variceal hemorrhage).
| | | All patients () | Early endoscopy () | Delayed endoscopy () | value |
| | Men | 1135 (37.7%) | 814 (77.6%) | 321 (81.7%) | 0.0918 | | Age (year) | 57.0 (13.3) | 57.1 (13.4) | 56.6 (13.0) | 0.4887 | | Initial symptoms | | | | | | Red blood emesis | 707 (49.03%) | 540 (51.48%) | 167 (42.49%) | 0.0034 | | Coffee grounds | 177 (12.27%) | 126 (12.01%) | 51 (12.98%) | | Hematochezia | 33 (2.29%) | 20 (1.91%) | 13 (3.31%) | | Melena | 453 (31.41%) | 321 (30.60%) | 132 (33.59%) | | Others | 72 (4.99%) | 42 (4.00%) | 30 (7.63%) | | Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 87.0 (19.9) | 86.5 (20.1) | 88.5 (19.2) | 0.0724 | | Heart rates (beats/min) | 103.7 (21.8) | 104.3 (22.1) | 102.1 (21.0) | 0.0790 | | Respiratory rates (/minutes) | 17.2 (3.1) | 17.4 (3.0) | 16.8 (3.2) | 0.0027 | | Body temperature (°C) | 36.6 (0.8) | 36.5 (0.8) | 36.7 (0.9) | 0.0022 | | Child’s classification | | | | | | A | 408 (28.29%) | 301 (28.69%) | 107 (27.23%) | 0.0732 | | B | 659 (45.70%) | 492 (46.90%) | 167 (42.49%) | | C | 375 (26.01%) | 256 (24.40%) | 119 (30.28%) | | Time to endoscopy (hour) | 9.1 (10.7) | 4.6 (2.9) | 20.9 (14.2) | <0.0001 | | Antibiotics use at ED | | | | | | Yes | 138 (9.57%) | 89 (8.48%) | 49 (12.7%) | 0.0220 | | No | 1304 (90.49%) | 960 (91.52%) | 344 (87.53%) | | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.2 (2.4) | 9.2 (2.5) | 9.3 (2.4) | 0.3914 | | White blood cells counts (/uL) | 9.68 (6.6) | 9.89 (7.1) | 9.13 (4.9) | 0.0226 | | Platelet counts (/uL) | 127 (82.3) | 127 (80.2) | 127 (87.5) | 0.9998 | | PTT (seconds) | 30.8 (8.8) | 30.7 (8.9) | 31.1 (8.5) | 0.5080 | | Sodium (mmol/L) | 134.9 (5.4) | 135.2 (5.3) | 134.1 (5.6) | 0.0007 | | Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 (0.76) | 4.2 (0.75) | 4.1 (0.80) | 0.1071 | | BUN (mg/dL) | 32 (21.3) | 33 (21.4) | 31 (20.9) | 0.2806 | | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.4 (1.2) | 0.9169 | | Glucose (mg/dL) | 173 (100.1) | 171 (92.3) | 178 (118.4) | 0.3423 | | AST (IU/L) | 104 (180.8) | 103 (163.1) | 106 (221.4) | 0.7930 | | Causes of cirrhosis | | | | | | Hepatitis B | 327 (22.68%) | 247 (23.55%) | 80 (20.36%) | 0.1977 | | Hepatitis C | 462 (32.04%) | 340 (32.41%) | 122 (31.04%) | 0.6200 | | Alcoholism | 570 (39.53%) | 408 (38.89%) | 162 (41.22%) | 0.4209 | | Malignancies | | | | | | Yes | 442 (30.65%) | 315 (30.03%) | 127 (32.32%) | | | No | 1000 (69.35%) | 734 (69.97%) | 266 (67.68%) | 0.4016 | | Proved variceal hemorrhage | | | | | | Yes | 949 (65.81%) | 728 (69.40%) | 221 (56.23%) | <0.0001 | | No | 493 (34.19%) | 321 (30.60%) | 172 (43.77%) | | Endoscopic treatment | | | | | | None | 473 (32.80%) | 302 (28.79%) | 171 (43.51%) | <0.0001 | | Band ligation | 655 (45.42%) | 498 (47.47%) | 157 (39.95%) | | Sclerotherapy | 181 (12.55%) | 141 (13.44%) | 40 (10.18%) | | Combined | 18 (1.25%) | 14 (1.33%) | 4 (1.02%) | | Ulcer related | 115 (7.98%) | 94 (8.96%) | 21 (5.34%) | | Death | | | | | | Yes | 157 (10.89%) | 120 (11.44%) | 37 (9.41%) | 0.2717 | | No | 1285 (89.11%) | 929 (88.56%) | 356 (90.59%) | | Duration of hospital stay (day) | 7.97 (7.5) | 7.74 (7.2) | 8.59 (8.1) | 0.0551 | | Complications | | | | | | All | 326 (22.61%) | 243 (23.16%) | 83 (21.12%) | 0.4084 | | Repeated endoscopy | 192 (13.31%) | 145 (13.82%) | 47 (11.96%) | 0.3537 | | Operations | 42 (2.91%) | 32 (3.05%) | 10 (2.54%) | 0.6109 | | Balloon tamponade | 21 (1.46%) | 18 (1.72%) | 3 (0.76%) | 0.1788 | | 14-day rebleeding | 102 (7.07%) | 77 (7.34%) | 25 (6.36%) | 0.5185 | | 30-day all cause mortalities | 35 (2.43%) | 25 (2.39%) | 10 (2.54%) | 0.8614 |
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Continuous variables were displayed as mean and standard deviation (SD); categorical variables were displayed as numbers and percentage.
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