Research Article
Early Endoscopy Can Shorten the Duration of Hospitalization in Suspected Variceal Hemorrhage
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of patients in the early and delayed endoscopy groups (propensity score matched subcohort).
| | | Early endoscopy () | Delayed endoscopy () | value |
| | Men | 221 (78.09%) | 227 (80.21%) | 0.5347 | | Age (year) | 57.9 (12.0) | 57.7 (13.5) | 0.8928 | | Initial symptoms | | | | | Red blood emesis | 128 (45.23%) | 135 (47.70%) | 0.6401 | | Coffee grounds | 30 (10.60%) | 37 (13.07%) | | Hematochezia | 9 (3.18%) | 5 (1.77%) | | Melena | 97 (34.28%) | 88 (31.10%) | | Others | 19 (6.71%) | 18 (6.36%) | | Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 86.4 (19.5) | 88.7 (18.3) | 0.1522 | | Heart rates (beats/min) | 102.5 (20.6) | 102.1 (21.0) | 0.8447 | | Respiratory rates (/minutes) | 17.3 (3.1) | 16.8 (3.2) | 0.0759 | | Body temperature (°C) | 36.6 (0.8) | 36.6 (0.8) | 0.4955 | | Child’s classification | | | | | A | 77 (27.21%) | 80 (28.27%) | 0.9610 | | B | 126 (44.52%) | 124 (43.82%) | | C | 80 (28.27%) | 79 (27.92%) | | Time to endoscopy (hour) | 4.7 (3.0) | 20.8 (15.5) | <0.0001 | | Antibiotics use at ED | | | | | Yes | 32 (11.31%) | 30 (10.60%) | 0.7878 | | No | 251 (88.69%) | 253 (89.40%) | | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.3 (2.6) | 9.4 (2.5) | 0.6234 | | White blood cells counts (/uL) | 9.15 (5.5) | 9.35(5.2) | 0.6508 | | Platelet counts (/uL) | 124 (85.5) | 126 (91.2) | 0.8100 | | PTT (seconds) | 31.0 (9.1) | 30.8 (7.5) | 0.7593 | | Sodium (mmol/L) | 134.9 (5.4) | 134.6 (5.3) | 0.5340 | | Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 (0.79) | 4.1 (0.71) | 0.2740 | | BUN (mg/dL) | 31 (19.4) | 33 (20.9) | 0.2173 | | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.1) | 0.6498 | | Glucose (mg/dL) | 169 (93.6) | 173 (112.2) | 0.6442 | | AST (IU/L) | 109 (172.2) | 108 (238.7) | 0.9456 | | Causes of cirrhosis | | | | | Hepatitis B | 61 (21.55%) | 61 (21.55%) | 1.000 | | Hepatitis C | 101 (35.69%) | 89 (31.45%) | 0.2855 | | Alcoholism | 107 (37.81%) | 106 (37.46%) | 0.9309 | | Malignancies | | | | | Yes | 91 (32.16%) | 86 (30.39%) | 0.6503 | | No | 192 (67.84%) | 197 (69.61%) | | Proved variceal hemorrhage | | | | | Yes | 197 (69.61%) | 156 (55.12%) | 0.0004 | | No | 86 (30.39%) | 127 (44.88%) | | Endoscopic treatment | | | | | None | 91 (32.16%) | 126 (44.52%) | 0.0231 | | Band ligation | 143 (50.53%) | 109 (38.52%) | | Sclerotherapy | 30 (10.60%) | 28 (9.89%) | | Combined | 1 (0.35%) | 3 (1.06%) | | Ulcer related | 18 (6.36%) | 17 (6.01%) | | Death | | | | | Yes | 37 (13.07%) | 24 (8.48%) | 0.0780 | | No | 246 (86.93%) | 259 (91.52%) | | Duration of hospital stay (day) | 7.39 (5.7) | 8.46 (7.4) | 0.0544 | | Complications | | | | | All | 67 (23.67%) | 60 (21.20%) | 0.4806 | | Repeated endoscopy | 48 (16.96%) | 38 (13.43%) | 0.2416 | | Operations | 3 (1.06%) | 7 (2.47%) | 0.2019 | | Balloon tamponade | 7 (2.47%) | 2 (0.71%) | 0.0929 | | 14-day rebleeding | 17 (6.01%) | 16 (5.65%) | 0.8576 | | 30-day all cause mortalities | 8 (2.83%) | 8 (2.83%) | 1.0000 |
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Continuous variables were displayed as mean and standard deviation (SD); categorical variables were displayed as numbers and percentage.
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