Changes in Regulating Ecosystem Services following Establishing Exclosures on Communal Grazing Lands in Ethiopia: A Synthesis
Table 2
Mean values (±SE, ) of soil total N and available P concentration, soil total N and P stocks, and CEC in the 0–0.2 m depth in exclosures, adjacent grazing lands, and their differences.
Exclosure age (years)a
Landscape position
Exclosure
Adjacent grazing lands
Differencesb
N (%)
P (ppm)
CEC (cm(+) Kg−1)
N (Mg ha−1)
P (Mg ha−1)
N (%)
P (ppm)
CEC (cm(+) Kg−1)
N (Mg ha−1)
P (Mg ha−1)
N (%)
P (ppm)
CEC (cm(+) Kg−1)
N (Mg ha−1)
P (Mg ha−1)
5
Upper
0.34
34.6
40.1
8.3
0.08
0.27
27.7
26.6
6.5
0.07
0.08*
6.9
14*
1.8*
0.02
Mid
0.38
32.8
39.6
8.4
0.07
0.24
28.7
27.3
5.3
0.06
0.14*
4.1
12*
3.1*
0.01
Foot
0.39
35.5
41.2
8.6
0.08
0.29
24.3
28.1
6.4
0.05
0.10
11.2
13*
2.2
0.03
10
Upper
0.45
34.2
41.9
10.9
0.08
0.23
22.3
23.6
5.5
0.05
0.22**
11.9
18**
5.4**
0.03
Mid
0.43
34.1
40.0
9.5
0.08
0.25
24.4
24.7
5.4
0.05
0.18*
9.7
15**
4.0*
0.02
Foot
0.41
35.7
40.1
9.2
0.08
0.24
25.2
28.3
5.3
0.06
0.17*
10.5*
12*
3.9*
0.02*
15
Upper
0.41
35.2
38.9
9.9
0.09
0.26
25.9
25.5
6.3
0.06
0.15**
9.3
13**
3.6**
0.02
Mid
0.57
39.3
40.9
12.6
0.09
0.32
26.6
24.0
7.1
0.06
0.25
12.7*
17**
5.5
0.03*
Foot
0.54
49.5
42.0
12.0
0.11
0.25
26.7
24.3
5.5
0.06
0.29*
22.8
18**
6.5* (1.6)
0.05 (0.02)
20
Upper
0.52
41.7
48.0
12.6
0.10
0.21
23.9
28.8
5.0
0.06
0.31**
17.8**
19*
7.6**
0.04**
Mid
0.50
37.9
46.2
11.1
0.08
0.41
24.6
28.8
9.1
0.05
0.09
13.3*
17*
2.0
0.03*
Foot
0.85
45.9
52.8
19.0
0.10
0.35
26.4
28.2
7.9
0.06
0.50*
19.5
25*
11.1**
0.04
Duration of time after the conversion of communal grazing lands to exclosure. bValues are calculated as exclosure values − adjacent grazing land value. Differences in soil nutrients concentrations and stocks and soil properties were significant at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (paired -test with separate/unequal variances).
