Development and Evaluation of Automotive Speech Interfaces: Useful Information from the Human Factors and the Related Literature
Table 7
Grice’s conversational maxims (with examples added by the authors).
Maxim
Example
Guidance
Maxim of Quantity: be informative.
Machine: Please say the street name. User: 2901 Baxter Road (2901 is the house number)
(i) Make your contribution of information as is required, that is, for the current purpose of the conversation. (ii) Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
Maxim of Quality: make your contribution one that is true:
U: “Toledo Zoo, Michigan” (but Toledo is in Ohio)
(i) Do not say what you believe to be false. (ii) Do not say that for which you lack evidence.
Maxim of Relevance: be relevant.
U: “I want to go to “Best Buy”” and the system responds with all Best Buy stores, including those hundreds of miles away, not just the local ones.
Maxim of Manner: be perspicuous
(i) M: Please say set as destination, dial or back. U: Dial. O no Don’t dial, Back (User want to say “back”) (ii) M: Please say the POI category. U: Let’s see. Recreation
(i) Avoid obscurity of expression (ii) Avoid unnecessary ambiguity (iii) Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity) (iv) Be orderly.
