Research Article
Depression Symptoms and Risk Factors in Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Multisite Cross-Sectional Prevalence Survey
Table 5
Association of clinical and demographic factors to the outcome of the PHQ-9 (data are number and percentage unless otherwise specified).
| | | Negative screen | Positive screen | value |
| | Variable | | | | | Age, median (IQR) | 51.0 (33.0–69.0) | 42.0 (30.5–60.0) | 0.066 | | Gender (male) | 158 (52.7%) | 26 (52.0%) | 1.000 | | Country of birth (Australia) | 208 (69.3%) | 40 (80.0%) | 0.552 | | Marital status | | | | | Married | 117 (39.0%) | 17 (34.0%) | 0.293 | | Single/never married | 107 (35.7%) | 24 (48.0%) | | Widowed | 32 (10.7%) | 1 (2.0%) | | Separated/divorced | 27 (9.0%) | 5 (10.0%) | | De facto | 14 (4.7%) | 3 (6.0%) | | Unknown | 3 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | | Concession card holder | 106 (35.3%) | 15 (30.0%) | 0.523 | | Arrival mode (ambulance) | 129 (43.0%) | 21 (42.0%) | 1.000 | | Triage category | | | | | 1 | 9 (3.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0.545 | | 2 | 36 (12.0%) | 8 (16.0%) | | 3 | 122 (40.7%) | 17 (34.0%) | | 4 | 115 (38.3%) | 23 (46.0%) | | 5 | 18 (6.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | | Presenting complaint (abdominal pain) | 43 (14.3%) | 5 (10.0%) | 0.410 | | Diagnosis (musculoskeletal) | 67 (22.3%) | 9 (18.0%) | <0.001 | | ED length of stay, median (IQR) | 296.0 (189.3–450.8) | 301.5 (211.0–487.5) | 0.440 | | Further admission | 222 (74.0%) | 35 (70.0%) | 0.604 |
| | SCQ | | | | | Heart disease | 61 (20.3%) | 9 (18.0%) | 0.849 | | High blood pressure | 89 (29.7%) | 13 (26.0%) | 0.737 | | Lung disease | 68 (22.7%) | 14 (28.0%) | 0.470 | | Diabetes | 33 (11.0%) | 5 (10.0%) | 1.000 | | Ulcer or stomach disease | 79 (26.3%) | 16 (32.0%) | 0.396 | | Kidney disease | 37 (12.3%) | 7 (14.0%) | 0.817 | | Liver disease | 10 (3.3%) | 10 (20.0%) | <0.001 | | Anaemia or other blood conditions | 44 (14.7%) | 12 (24.0%) | 0.099 | | Cancer | 44 (14.7%) | 5 (10.0%) | 0.510 | | Depression | 77 (25.7%) | 42 (84.0%) | <0.001 | | Osteo/degenerative arthritis | 96 (32.0%) | 14 (28.0%) | 0.625 | | Back pain | 143 (47.7%) | 30 (60.0%) | 0.127 | | Rheumatoid arthritis | 15 (5.0%) | 2 (4.0%) | 1.000 | | Other medical problems | 178 (59.3%) | 32 (64.0%) | 0.640 |
| | Personal and family history survey | | | | | Depression diagnosis | 73 (24.3%) | 41 (82.0%) | <0.001 | | Other mood disorder diagnoses | 3 (1.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | 0.040 | | Anxiety diagnosis | 88 (29.3%) | 35 (70.0%) | <0.001 | | Other mental illness diagnoses | 3 (1.0%) | 4 (8.0%) | 0.009 | | Use of antidepressant | 33 (11.0%) | 21 (42.0%) | <0.001 | | Discuss mental health with local doctor | 97 (32.3%) | 39 (78.0%) | <0.001 | | Seen mental health service provider in past 6 months | 32 (10.7%) | 28 (56.0%) | <0.001 | | Smoking | | | | | Current | 61 (20.3%) | 22 (44.0%) | 0.001 | | Former | 56 (18.7%) | 3 (6.0%) | | Alcohol use | 182 (60.7%) | 30 (60.0%) | 1.000 | | Family history of depression | 98 (32.7%) | 23 (46.0%) | 0.091 | | Family history of anxiety | 63 (21.0%) | 20 (40.0%) | <0.001 | | Family history of other mood disorders | 26 (8.7%) | 9 (18.0%) | 0.056 | | Family history of other mental illnesses | 31 (10.3%) | 8 (16.0%) | 0.164 |
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