(a) Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) dental pathologies on skulls and lower jaws. Main damages are found on the premolars (bone crushing) and the incisives/canines (nibbling) (composed after [59]). (1) Paratype skull of an adult with lower jaw from the Zoolithen Cave, Germany (UE No. GL 77/203 and 28/509), (a) lateral, (b) ventral, (c) lower jaw dorsal, and (d) lower jaw lateral. (2) Skull with lower jaw of a senile from Perick Caves, Germany (NMB No. Heinr-1), (a) lateral, (b) ventral, (c) lower jaw dorsal, and (d) lower jaw lateral. (3) Skull of an old adult from Sandfort Hill Cave, England (TM No. 44/1995/695; original to Reynolds, 1902), (a) lateral, (b) ventral, and (c) lower jaw dorsal. (4) Senile skull from Crumstadt, Germany (HLMD without no), (a) lateral and (b) ventral. (5) High adult skull from Gernsheim, Germany (MSG without no.), (a) lateral (mirrored) and (b) ventral. (6) High adult right mandible from the Perick Caves, Germany (GMB no. M2565), lateral. (7) Senile left mandible from the Wilhelms Cave, Germany (GMB no. M5999 (Mandible)/GPIM no. A5F1281 (M1), (a) lateral and (b) dorsal. (8) High adult mandible from the Sewecken-berge open air gypsum karst, Germany (MB no. Ma 29606), (a) dorsal and (b) lateral. (9) High adult right mandible from the Grürmann’s Cave, Germany (GMB without no.), lateral. (10) Senile rigth mandible from the Perick Caves, Germany (SNSD no. Sundwig-44), lateral. (11) High adult left mandible from the Wilhelms Cave, Germany (EMSCH No. Frettertal-1), lateral. (12) Adult maxillary and mandible from the Reporje Kalvarie Cave, Czech Republic (NMP no. 5473/R 12 and 111), lateral. (b) By Ice Age spotted hyenas cannibalistic scavenged and cracked hyena carcass from the Srbsko Chlum-Komín Cave hyena den, Czech Republic (modified after [41]). (c) Ice Age spotted hyena coprolite type shape types (modified after [60]).